Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s genealogy to form part of French social theory of the 1960s. 1.1.2.04 While Foucault [2004] has said that archaeology is more associated with study of savoir rather than connaissance knowledges, my later discussion of different knowledge types, in section 1.2, outlines support for the concept of using an archaeology in the study of connaissance knowledge within the discipline, as well as defining savoir and connaissance knowledges. 1.1.2.05 Foucault’s works are traditionally associated with power. While power is not the subject of discussion per se, it is the lineage and flow of power that are integral to the archaeology. According to Schmidt [2006] it is the collective prejudices of the episteme that constitutes this historical reality. The episteme, introduced by Foucault, is used as a strategic apparatus to define such a collective and the flows of power such pr ejudices create. This idea is outlined in greater detail in section 1.2. 1.1.2.06 The philosophical lineage I draw upon flows from Husserl, to Heidegger, to Gadamer, Merlau Ponty and onto Foucault. It is the philosophical flow of the concepts over time and through history. Using Heidegger and Foucault, usually considered to be from different European schools of thought, may be considered to be epistemologically unjustifiable. However during the course of this dissertation, I provide justification for the used o f such mixed philosophical methodologies. 1.1.2.07 These philosophical methodo logies manifest themselves in phenomenology and hermeneutics. I endeavour to demonstrate the viability of mixed methodologies with both the empirical orientation of phenomenology and the interpretative relativism of hermeneut ics, offering the idea that these are not necessarily diametrically opposed nor mut ually exclusive, with the lineage offering a flow of support for utilising both [Schmidt, 2006]. Furthermore to add to the mixed equation, in this dissertation, I use both quantitative data collection techniques with a more qualitative analysis of such data. The 8
methodology I have developed could be considered innovative and is one of the intended contributions of this dissertation that are detailed further in the next section. 1.1.3 Intended contributions 1.1.3.00 In addition to illustrating the dictomous issue of the rapidly growing academic discipline of entrepreneurship, that is apparently facing adolescent type growing pa ins, together with an analysis of whether the discipline of entrepreneurship could be considered dubious, there are various aspects of this work that could be considered to be breaking new ground 1.1.3.01 This is the first research, of which I am aware, that sets out to create a model, or series of models, that delineates the relationship between the concepts of ontology and epistemology, along with offering definitions as to the boundaries of discourse, discipline and what is termed ontic knowledge. These models are intended to offer future researchers a grounded philosophic, as well as a pragmatic, ba se from which to develop further research. 1.1.3.02 Furthermore, this research utilizes Foucault’s concept of the episteme as a strategic apparatus and is also a first time, to my knowledge, that the concept has been utilised in this manner in a piece of research. Gadamer’s [1989] use of the term ‘prejudice’ lends a positive nuance to what is more commonly associated with bias and possibly used more negatively. An episteme is an apparatus of power. How the flow of knowledge is influenced by the particular episteme and maybe influenced by the prejudices within the episteme is an integral part to this research. By deconstructing the epistemic and ontological development of the discipline of entrepreneurship I intend to illustrate how these ‘collective prejudices’ [Schmidt, 2006] are significant in the evolution of the discipline. 1.1.3.03 Apart from the development of the conceptual models discussed above this dissertation also develops the concepts of savoir and connaissance knowledges (that are 9
Page 1: Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
Page 4 and 5: 2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
Page 6 and 7: Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
Page 8 and 9: Attestation of Authorship I hereby
Page 10 and 11: Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
Page 12 and 13: Abstract In this study, I consider
Page 14 and 15: others), this finding should not be
Page 16 and 17: ehabilitated version of prejudice.
Page 18 and 19: 1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
Page 20 and 21: The suggestion herein is that merel
Page 24 and 25: introduced in the next section). I
Page 26 and 27: 1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
Page 28 and 29: 1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
Page 30 and 31: 1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
Page 32 and 33: 1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
Page 34 and 35: dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
Page 36 and 37: 1.4 Structure of this dissertation
Page 38 and 39: arise if the construction of the di
Page 40 and 41: without any reference to epistemic
Page 42 and 43: 2.1.1.06 The difference between an
Page 44 and 45: 2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
Page 46 and 47: 2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
Page 48 and 49: 2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
Page 50 and 51: truth. ….. My problem is roughly
Page 52 and 53: The division between true and false
Page 54 and 55: have become a tool used in the exer
Page 56 and 57: 2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
Page 58 and 59: ejecting or accepting articles for
Page 60 and 61: Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
Page 62 and 63: [Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
Page 64 and 65: 2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
Page 66 and 67: Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
Page 68 and 69: Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
Page 70 and 71: In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Later in 2001, Low suggested the em
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2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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compared with overall trends struct
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for each has also been dependent up
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of clear segregation or differentia
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2.5.3.08 Sciascia and De Vita [2004
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articles that show a predominance o
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structure to the episteme of manage
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Venkataraman (1997) argues that ...
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is being discussed is epistemically
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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Philosophy ….. does not consist i
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could be termed cross or inter-disc
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3.2 Data Collection Processes / Met
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3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
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Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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collective 13,000 citations accordi
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chronological sequence. This gave a
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3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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e) Some dual or more articles by on
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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1
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Part Four: Empirics 4.1 Interpretat
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4.1.1.02 The first interesting prel
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number of mis-spellings and errors
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Vo lu me: 34 Issue: 1 1956 20. Jour
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4.1.3.02 The top 21 journals listed
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various journals in Graphic 4a, whi
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4.1.4.01 One important piece of val
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epresentationality of the disciplin
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4.2.1.02 Yet for ‘a rich field of
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some one decides in a planned manne
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4.2.3.03 I developed eight expressi
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Graphic Eight expressions of what
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4.3 The 87,060 aliran of entreprene
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in France in the 18 th and 19 th ce
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said that the seeds of genesis for
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develop ment of the discipline. Inn
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4.3.4 Behaviouralism and methodolog
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4.3.5 Innovation sub-aliran - a nat
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provided by Teece. A slightly diffe
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innovation being correlated to a fi
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Graphic 4m Zahra’s influence on t
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4.3.6.2 New Ventures and Corporate
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Grousbeck VENTURE entrepreneur: TSA
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construct a greater corporate orien
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4.3.6.3.01 In section 2.5.1.05 I di
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governance of venture capital or ga
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limited. Senge’s [1990] (20) text
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narrower orientation of the firm or
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on learning by ‘the firm’ where
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ut also the degree of ‘being entr
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Graphic 4s The small business sub-a
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Graphic 4t LIGHT 1979 BORJAS 1986 R
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4.3.10 Ethnic / immigrant sub-alira
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ZHOU 1992 LIGHT 1995 PORTES 1995 BA
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entrepreneurship is not defined by
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Barney, 2004; Hitt, Ireland, Camp &
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4.3.11.07 The reason that the strat
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individual domains, thus bringing i
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entrepreneur to the firm, while Cha
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• A greater emphasis between new-
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5.1.09 A fascinating aspect of this
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Graphic 5b Three dimensional positi
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study (addressing the introverted a
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the discipline is indeed dubious ma
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5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
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1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
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DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
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COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
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WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
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DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
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CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
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KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
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HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
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PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
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LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
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References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
Page 264 and 265:
from a process study, Management Sc
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Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
Page 270 and 271:
Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
Page 272 and 273:
Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
Page 274 and 275:
Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
Page 276:
Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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