Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

2.2.2.03 External to bot h the discipline and the practitioner, but part of the discourse,
intellectuals have the freedom to present ideas in a format unacceptable (citations not
included) to the discipline, yet somehow they have attained status under the second of
Foucault’s 1971 exclusions – as an author. It is seemingly possible for intellectuals to
acquire a gravitas that enables them to be part of the discursive knowledge yet also
acceptable to the discipline, despite the lack of epistemic justification in their work. In the
discourse of entrepreneurship Drucker is an example of an intellectual. He does not , in my
opinion, qualify to have been a practitioner of entrepreneurship, nor do all his writings
conform to accepted expectations of connaissance knowledges. Yet, as shown later during
the data collection process, the level of gravitas is evident in the number of citations he
receives from the discipline.
2.2.2.04 Unconstrained by the pa th depe nde ncy intellectuals have a greater scope to
possibly offer discontinuities. Given the difficulties of acceptance of savoir knowledge by
the discipline through the gatekeepers use of the episteme, as will be discussed in the next
section, the intellectual offers a third way to influence the flow of power in Foucault’s
triangle.
2.2.3 The episteme – the gatekeeper’s apparatus
2.2.3.00 In a similar manner to Foucault’s evolving understanding of the taxonomy of
discourse and disciplines his use of the term episteme also evolved. These various
metamorphoses are outlined in t his section a nd t he final form they take is incorporated into
my mode l with a selection of possible cases where episteme could be applied.
2.2.3.01 The question of ‘acceptability of what knowledge’ was raised in section 2.1.4.01.
The term episteme has been used by Foucault [1980] as the ‘strategic appa ratus’ that is
used to separate what may be acceptable, from that which is not acceptable, within a ‘field
of scientificity’. However, the term went through several metamorphoses before Foucault
arrived at this meaning. In ‘The archaeology of knowledge’, first published in 1969, what
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