Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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ut also the degree of ‘being entrepreneurial’ or not. As pointed out by Carland, et al [1984] (44) in their article ‘Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners; a conceptualisation’, and by Stewart, Watson and Garland [1999] (15), in their article ‘A proclivity for entrepreneurship: A comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers’, simply being a small business owner does not necessarily imply a greater entrepreneurial role. An entrepreneurial firm can be a company with a sophisticated management structure or it can be a small business; just as larger and more sophisticated companies and small or new businesses can also be non-entrepreneurial. 4.3.8.3.03 The relationship between the corporate, the small business and the entrepreneurial firm is best shown as a chart as shown in Graphic 4r. Positioning a firm on the horizontal scale is a measure of its entrepreneurial-ness, the vertical scale is an implication of size or sophistication. The horizontal scale is covered by Miller and Friesen [1982] (35) in their article ‘Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: Two models of strategic momentum.’ 4.3.8.3.04 It would seem, as per Maidique’s comments on the evolut ion of the entrepreneurial role and together with the emergence of the corporate sub-aliran discussed in section 4.3.6 that the discipline is expanding its connaissance knowledge into the upp er areas of Graphic 4r. The lower areas in Graphic 4r are what could be considered the ‘traditional’ domains of knowledge of the discipline. These upper and lower domains are the ends of the polar scale between corporate and small business referred to in section 4.3.8.3.01. 4.3.8.3.05 The aliran differentiates between the small business and the ind ividual who enters the domains of entrepreneurship through self-employment or unemployment. The delineation is not so clear as to whether the term ‘small business’ also covers the selfemployed, I assume that it does. Accordingly while I have two separate graphics for the small business sub-aliran (Graphic 4s) and the self-employed sub-aliran (Graphic 4t) I link the discussion on their status in the aliran. 196
Graphic 4r A 2 x 2 matrix depicting the relationship between corporate, small businesses and the entrepreneurial firm 4.3.8.3.06 The main texts and articles in the small business sub-aliran are listed in Graphic 4s. As can be seen from the list there is a prevalence to interface with other sub- aliran such as ethnic / immigrant, self / un-employment, gender, etc. I suggest that there are two reasons for this. Firstly as per Maidique the small firm is easier to analyse. Secondly it is possible that in the corporate area there is difficulty to delineate between the discipline of entrepreneurship and other disciplines such as management or strategy. The internal nature of the uppe r quadrants in Graphic 4r may be more amenable to an management interpretation rather than an entrepreneurial interpretation per se. An example of this could be ethnicity, it may be easier to relate ethnicity / immigrancy to small businesses rather than the employment of ethnic / immigrant managers in a larger firm, even tho ugh such a person may also be entrepreneur ial in that pos ition. While the ethnic / immigrant status may be significant in a corporate sense, it is possible that any entrepreneurial role is regarded as being more relevant to the management discipline rather than the discipline of entrepreneurship. 197
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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The suggestion herein is that merel
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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s
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introduced in the next section). I
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1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
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1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
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1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
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1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
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dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
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1.4 Structure of this dissertation
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arise if the construction of the di
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without any reference to epistemic
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2.1.1.06 The difference between an
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2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
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2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
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2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
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truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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The division between true and false
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have become a tool used in the exer
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2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
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ejecting or accepting articles for
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Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
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[Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
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2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
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Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
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Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
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In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Later in 2001, Low suggested the em
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2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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compared with overall trends struct
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for each has also been dependent up
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of clear segregation or differentia
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2.5.3.08 Sciascia and De Vita [2004
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articles that show a predominance o
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structure to the episteme of manage
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Venkataraman (1997) argues that ...
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is being discussed is epistemically
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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Philosophy ….. does not consist i
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could be termed cross or inter-disc
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3.2 Data Collection Processes / Met
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3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
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Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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collective 13,000 citations accordi
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chronological sequence. This gave a
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3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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e) Some dual or more articles by on
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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1
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Part Four: Empirics 4.1 Interpretat
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4.1.1.02 The first interesting prel
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number of mis-spellings and errors
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Vo lu me: 34 Issue: 1 1956 20. Jour
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Page 240 and 241: 5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
Page 242 and 243: 1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
Page 244 and 245: DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
Page 246 and 247: COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
Page 248 and 249: WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
Page 250 and 251: DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
Page 252 and 253: CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
Page 254 and 255: KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
Page 256 and 257: HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
Page 258 and 259: PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
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LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
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References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
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from a process study, Management Sc
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Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
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Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
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Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
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Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
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Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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