Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

and frontiers, should have emerged at the beginning of the nineteenth century, or in
other words at the very time when this disciplinarization of knowledges, this
organization of knowledges into disciplines, was going on [Foucault, 2003a, p183].
2.1.3.11 The process of exclusion , in regards to the discipline, is more clear in 1976.
The problem is now: Who is speaking, are they qualified to speak, at what level is
the statement situated, what set can it be fitted into, and how and to what extent
does it conform to other forms and typologies of knowledge [Foucault, 2003a,
p184].
2.1.3.12 The 1976 exclusions allows for ontological issues, i.e. ‘what set can it be fitted
into’, and the emergence of the uni versity-as-discipline meant that “a number of
epistemological obstacles could be removed” [Foucault, 2003b, p184]. This increased
epistemological range conforms to the epistemic justification being part of the discipline as
discussed earlier. The non-secular ‘orthodoxy’ of statement that had preceded the
emergence of the university moved to an “orthology” [Foucault, 2003b, p184], (as in a
discourse i.e. -logy) and increasingl y to a “for m of control that is now exercised on a
disciplinary basis” [Foucault, 2003b, p184]. The discipline has taken a role as displayed in
Model A, shown in Graphic 2a.
2.1.3.13 The 1976 question on qualification posed by Foucault [2003b] of: ‘Who is
speaking, are they qualified to speak….?’ relates to the third external exclusion and the
first two internal exclusions expressed by Foucault in 1971. Truth is relative to the
perceived expertise of the origin of the statement. A measure of this perceived expertise is
the citation and the development of citation indexes to quantify this measure. The role of
the discipline, and the acceptability of knowledge within the discipline, will now be
viewed with regards to citations, practitioners and intellectuals and how these fit into the
Model A and into Foucault’s Triangle.
2.1.4 Citations and good form - citation indexes.
2.1.4.00 This section discusses the notion of the citation, as being good form, the
evolut ion, the uses and abuses, and the manner in which citations and citation inde xing
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