Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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develop ment of the discipline. Innovation is discussed in section 4.3.3 while new ventures and corporate entrepreneurship are discussed in section 4.3.6. Prior to those discussions I discuss Barthes’ work and predominant methodo logies in the discipline. 4.3.3 Social entrepreneurship – Barthes’ forgotten branch 4.3.3.00 Pio [2008, p122] defines social entrepreneurship as occurring when “a person seeks to create social value by focusing on social goals”. As pointed out by Licht and Siegel [2004], Schumpeter had the entrepreneur as the agent of both economic and social change, highlighting the social aspect of the role. The scope of entrepreneurship has the potential to be a broadly based subject identifying with change of all types. It would appear however that the discipline of entrepreneurship tends to follow the economic aspects of such cha nge. 4.3.3.01 Social entrepreneurship, as a study of the non-economic aspects of the activity, is a minor ontology within the discipline. However, I am including it in the discussion to highlight the non-economic aspects of entrepreneurship that are part of my heffalump mod el. Barth’s use of case studies highlights the social impact of the entrepreneur in Northern Nor way. In many ways Barth’s article is unique in that as well as being one of the first articles in the discipline, it looks at the non-economic aspects of the discipline and it also is an early adop ter of a case study approach, recognising the value of observing savoir knowledge. 4.3.3.02 Graphic 4k lists some of the articles in the aliran that relate to the social aspect of entrepreneurship. These tend to fall into two categories: firstly the impact of the entrepreneur on social change; and secondly, the aspects of social capital / social networking on entrepreneurship. Four articles from this ontology rank in the top 50 articles in the aliran which, while not belying its minor status, does suggest it has some significance. Schumpeter’s description of the entrepreneur as an agent of economic change is perceived by the aliran to be the most significant role. His lack of applying entrepreneurship as a process is discussed in the next section. 168
Graphic 4k The aliran articles that are perceived to relate to the social aspect of entrepreneurship. BARTH 1963 HAGEN 1962 SHAPERO Sokol 1982, ALDRICH Zimmer 1986, BANDURA 1986, ALDRICH Rosen, Woodward 1987, ROLE ENTREPRENEUR SO THEORY SOCIAL CHANGE ENCY ENTREPRENEURSHI, ART SCI ENTREPRENEUR SOCIAL F THOUGHT ACT FRONTIERS ENTREPRENE COLEMAN 1988, AM J SOCIOL, V94 49 COLEMAN 1990, FDN SOCIAL THEORY 32 STARR Macmillan 1990, BURT 1992, PORTES Sensenbren ner STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V11 STRUCTURAL HOLES SOC 14 29 49 60 30 15 30 58 1993 JNL AMER SOC V98 27 BATES 1994, SOC FORCES, V72 15 EISENHARDT Schoonhov en 1996, ORGAN SCI, V7 14 SANDERS Nee 1996 AM SOCIOL REV, V61, 17 BURT 1997, NAHAPIET Ghoshal 1998, JACK Anderson 2002, DAVIDSSON Honig 2003, ADMIN SCI QUART, V42 ACAD MANAGE REV, V23 J BUS VENTURING, V17 J BUS VENTURING, V18 15 30 14 17 The role of the entrepreneur in social change in Northern Norway. Theory of social change The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship through social networks Social foundations of thought and action The impact of social networks on business foundings and profit: A longitudinal study Social capital in the creation of human capital. Foundations of social theory Resource co-optation via social contracting – resource acquisition strategies for new ventures. Structural holes: The social structure of competition Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. Social resources generated by group support networks may not be beneficial to Asian immigrant-owned small businesses. Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms Immigrant self-employment: The family as social capital and the value of human capital The contingent value of social capital Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs 169
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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The suggestion herein is that merel
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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s
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introduced in the next section). I
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1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
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1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
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1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
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1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
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dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
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1.4 Structure of this dissertation
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arise if the construction of the di
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without any reference to epistemic
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2.1.1.06 The difference between an
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2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
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2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
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2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
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truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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The division between true and false
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have become a tool used in the exer
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2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
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ejecting or accepting articles for
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Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
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[Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
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2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
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Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
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Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
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In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Later in 2001, Low suggested the em
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2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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compared with overall trends struct
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for each has also been dependent up
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of clear segregation or differentia
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2.5.3.08 Sciascia and De Vita [2004
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articles that show a predominance o
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structure to the episteme of manage
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Venkataraman (1997) argues that ...
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is being discussed is epistemically
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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5.1.09 A fascinating aspect of this
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Graphic 5b Three dimensional positi
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study (addressing the introverted a
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the discipline is indeed dubious ma
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5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
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1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
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DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
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COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
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WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
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DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
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CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
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KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
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HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
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PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
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LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
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References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
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from a process study, Management Sc
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Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
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Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
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Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
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Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
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Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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