Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

118 4. AKATEK, A `TYPICAL' MAYAN LANGUAGE
marker for rst person singular, in, is su xed, whereas in example
(62-b) it is pre xed.
(62) a. hoj a-ten-in-toj an
FUT A2-push-B1-DIR CL1s
`You push me there.' Penalosa & Say (1992)
b. x-in-a-ten tej
PERF-B1-A2-push DIR
`You pushed me here.' Penalosa & Say (1992)
4. VOS languages have relatively little nominal case marking.
There is no nominal case marking except for a dative case
marker e that is su xed with set B, see example (63).
(63) chi-;-w-a' kan-toj e-ach hun chee ti'
IMPF-B3-A1-give DIR-DIR DAT-B2 one horse DEM
`I'll give you the horse.' Penalosa & Say (1992)
5. VOS languages are generally prepositional rather than postpositional.
In Akatek, there are only a few preposition like e.g. the
locative b'ey in (64).
(64) x-y-il naj w-apni b'ey na an
PERF-A3-saw he A1-arrive PREP house CL1s
`He saw me arrive at the house.'
More frequent and productive are relational nouns, which are
postpositional in that the set A pronominal a x is followed by
the relational noun, e.g. uu `by' as illustrated in (64).
(65) aw-uu
A2-by
`by you'
In case of third person participants, the adjunct NP follows the
relational noun as shown in (66). More literally, the construction
could be rephrased as `on top of it, the horse of my grandfather'.
(66) y-ib'an hun no' s-chee naj in-mam
A3-on.top one NCL A3-horse NCL A1-father
icham an
old.man CL1s
`on the horse of my grandfather' Franco (1993)