Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

3. PVCS OF TYPE2 159
of (65), `Micaela saw you managing to hit me'. More literally, (65)
could be rephrased as `Micaela saw me successfully being hit by you'.
Examples (64) to (66) above are characterized by rst and second
person markers on the complement verb, which cannot be lexically
instantiated due to the absence of independent pronouns for rst and
second person. Moreover, for rst person singular, set A and set B
a xes are identical, so that the above examples cannot prove that
passivized type2 take set A a xes like active type2 complements. The
following examples show again all three passive varieties based on the
active type2 complement in example (59-b). Now, for the le- and the
cha-passives in (67) and (68), respectively, the third person set A pre x
s- appears while the b'il-passive in (69) is unmarked, which indicates
third person zero marking. This clearly indicates that passive type2
complements are marked like intransitive active type2 complements.
The type1 b'il-passive is marked with set B pronominal a xes like
other intransitive, especially non-verbal, type1 complements.
(67) x-;-y-il ix Mikin s-tzok'-le te' te'
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela A3-cut-PASS NCL tree
y-uu naj winaj
A3-by NCL man
`Micaela saw the tree being cut by the man.'
(68) x-;-y-il ix Mikin s-tzok'-cha te' te'
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela A3-cut-PASS NCL tree
y-uu naj winaj
A3-by NCL man
`Micaela saw the man managing to cut the tree.'
(69) x-;-y-il ix Mikin tzok'-b'il-; te' te'
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela cut-PASS/PF-B3 NCL tree
y-uu naj winaj
A3-by NCL man
`Micaela saw the man had cut the tree.'
Next, I investigate the question whether in Akatek the matrix PV
ofaPVC can passivize. I follow uptwo options for the subject of the
passivized PV: either the whole PVC is the subject of the passivized
PV, or the PVC subject is also the PV subject.
The examples in (70) show that passivization of the PV is possible
for all three types of passives in Akatek. The type2 PVC functions
as the subject adjunct of the passivized matrix PV. The type2 PVC
remains unchanged. Example (70-a) shows the `normal' le-passive, in