Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

212 5. PERCEPTION VERB COMPLEMENTS IN AKATEK
(211) a. x-;-y-ab' ix Mikin tol
PERF-B3-A3-hear NCL Micaela COMP
chi-;-mitx'-le ix
IMPF-B3-grab-PASS she
`She felt that she was being grabbed.'
b. x-;-y-ab' ix s-mi'tx'-le
PERF-B3-A3-hear she A3-grab-PASS
`She felt being touched.'
(212) x-;-y-il ix Mikin tol tzok'-b'il-;
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela COMP cut-PASS/PF-B3
xa te' si'
already NCL rewood
`Micaela saw that the rewood had already been cut.'
An example for a passivized PV embedding a type1 complement is
provided in (213).
(213) x-;-'il-le
naj Xhunik tol chi-;-wey
PERF-B3-see-PASS NCL John
naj
he
COMP IMPF-B3-sleep
`It was managed to see John sleep.'
Examples of cleft constructions of type1 PVCs are provided in (214)
and (215). The examples show the innovative complementizer ketol
`that'. Two types of cleft constructions are shown, agent (214) and
patient (215) cleft. The cleft particle ja' functions like a non-verbal
predicate for the clefted constituent. Clefting the agent changes the
verb morphology: the su x -on is added and the verb rendered intransitive,
being marked only by set B pronominal a xes indicating
the (former) direct object.
(214) x-;-y-ab' ix Mikin ketol ja'-; ix
PERF-B3-A3-hear NCL Micaela COMP CFT-B3 NCL
unin x-;-i'-on-tej
ub'al
child PERF-B3-carry-SUF-DIR beans
`Micaela heard that it was the child who brought the
beans.'