Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

4. TYPOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS 245
Question 4: Comparing the patterns of PVC types in languages, do
any cross-linguistic correlations arise? { Table 4 indicates a hierarchical
ordering of PVC types along the following hierarchy, with the ranking
of PARA so far completely undecided.
(55) PVC Hierarchy
IND > SUB > ?PARA > INF > NMLZ
The hierarchy must be interpreted in the following way:
(56) Correlation 4
Event denoting PVCs can take the form of any complement
on the same level or lower on the complementation hierarchy
than a proposition denoting PVC inagiven language.
For example, if a language has an event denoting IND PVC, then it
cannot have a non-IND proposition denoting PVC. Or if - as is the
case in Japanese - a NMLZ PVC is used to denote propositions, then
no INF PVC can be used to express events.
Complementizers (COMP) can only cooccur with INDs and SUBs.
Correlation 1, which was stated in chapter 2, makes predictions regarding
the distribution of complementizers. Correlation 1 is repeated
below for convenience:
(57) Correlation 1
If the event denoting PVC has a complementizer, then the
proposition denoting PVC also has a complementizer.
Table 5 illustrates the distribution of complementizers used in the PVC
types of the investigated languages. The results depiced in the Table
Table 5. Complementizer-taking PVC types
Language IND IND SUB SUB
Proposition Event Proposition Event
Akatek + COMP + COMP
Greek, Arberesh + COMP + COMP
Russian + COMP + COMP
Cambodian + COMP { COMP
Cayuga, Chinese { COMP { COMP
con rm the validity of Correlation 1. None of the languages uses an
event denoting PVC with a complementizer and a proposition denoting
PVC without one. The only event denoting PVCs with a
complementizer are the IND PVC in Russian and the SUB PVC in
Greek and Arberesh.