Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

206 5. PERCEPTION VERB COMPLEMENTS IN AKATEK
(195) a. chi-;-w-oche ey-; miman in-tumin an
IMPF-B3-A1-want EX-B3 big
`I want tohavea lot of money.'
A1-money CL1s
b. chi-;-w-oche tol ey-; miman in-tumin
IMPF-B3-A1-want COMP EX-B3 big
an
CL1s
`I really want tohavealot of money.'
A1-money
4.1.2. Tzub'il. The complementizer tzub'il `that' occurs with the
same verbs of perception, communication and cognition as tol. Tzub'il
also introduces type1 complements. An example for a verb of communication
with a type1 complement is provided in (196). The complement
verb in (196) lacks overt aspect marking, but is not marked by the
su x -on like all transitive type2 complements. In this case, the absence
of an aspect marker is interpreted as perfective (refer to chapter
4, section 1.3) and the complement is analyzed as a type1 construction.
(196) x-;-y-al naj Luin tu' tet wan anima tzub'il
PERF-A3-say NCL Pedro DEM DAT3 PL people COMP
;-s-ma' naj Xhunik yab' unin
B3-A3-hit NCL Juan NCL child
`Peter told the people that John hit the child.'
Zavala (1992b), 189
Like tol, tzub'il cannot occur with a type2 complement (197-a) unless
tzub'il functions as a nonverbal predicate embedding a type2 complement
as in example (197-b). In the latter case, tzub'il means `how'.
(197) a. *x-;-y-il ix Mikin tzub'il
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela COMP
a-ma'-on-in-an
A2-hit-SUF-B1-CL1s
`Micaela saw that you hit me.'
b. x-;-y-il ix Mikin tzub'il-;
PERF-B3-A3-see NCL Micaela how-B3
a-ma'-on-in-an
A2-hit-SUF-B1-CL1s
`Micaela saw howyou hit me.'
There is one more function of tzub'il. As a question word meaning
`how' tzub'il can act as a non-verbal predicate and embed type2