Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

252 7. CONCLUSION
(6) PVC Hierarchy
IND > SUB > ?PARA > INF > NMLZ
Table 2. PVC systems across languages
IND SUB PARA INF NMLZ
Fiji, Nez Perce P - - - E
Japanese P - - - PEE
German P - - E E
Romance P - - E -
English P - - PEE E
Malagasy P - E - E
Akatek P P - - E
Greek, Arberesh P E - - -
Russian, Cambodian, Cayuga/ Mohawk PE - - - -
6. Hypothesis V is supported by Correlation 4: event denoting
PVCs can take the form of any complement on the same level
or lower in the complementation hierarchy than proposition
denoting PVCs in a given language. As can be seen in Table 2,
IND types can also express events, e.g. in Russian, and NMLZ
types can also express propositions, e.g. in Japanese. In other
words, all complement types considered have the potential to
express either events or propositions.
(7) Hypothesis V
PVC types higher up in the hierarchy are more likely
to denote propositions, while PVC types lower in the
hierarchy are more likely to denote events.
7. Complementizers (COMPs) can only cooccur with INDs and
SUBs. Correlation 1 was shown to hold for all languages under
investigation:
(8) If the event denoting PVC has a complementizer, then
the proposition denoting PVC also has a complementizer.
In sum, I suggest a three-layered hierarchy for PVC systems as
shown in (9).
(9) a. IND > SUB > ?PARA > INF > NMLZ
b. Propositions > Events (Correlations 3 and 4)
c. + COMP > { COMP (Correlation 1)