Perception verb complements in Akatek, a Mayan language

3. PVCS OF TYPE2 197
b. ;-s-chej ix Mikin naj unin s-wey-i
B3-A3-ask NCL Micaela NCL child A3-sleep-ITV
`Micaela asked the boy to (go to) sleep.'
Directly behind chej, the intransitive CVC can either be a type2 complement
as in example (174-a), or a type3 complement as shown in
(174-b).
(174) a. x-ach-s-chej a-wey naj Xhunik
PERF-B2-A3-ask A2-sleep NCL John
`John sent you to sleep.'
b. x-ach-s-chej wey naj Xhunik
PERF-B2-A3-ask sleep NCL John
`John sent you to sleep.'
Transitive type3 CVCs remain unchanged when they occur in either
of the three positions discussed above for intransitive CVCs: directly
postverbal, between the two lexically instantiated NPs (if present), or
sentence nal. The round brackets in (175) indicate that either location
of the complement results in a grammatical sentence.
(175) ;-s-chej-toj
PERF-B3-A3-send
ix unin () 1
NCL child ()
`John sent the child there to wash dishes.'
( tx'a'-o sek' ) 1 naj Xhunik () 1
( wash-TNF plate ) NCL John ()
Instead of a type2 or type3 complement, CVs can also embed incorporating
APs as can be seen in example (176).
(176) ;-s-chej-toj naj Xhunik naj Luin ;-tx'a'-wi
B3-A3-ask-DIR NCL John
sek'
dishes
NCL Peter B3-wash-AP
`John sent Peter to wash dishes.'
Similar to complement taking PVs, CVs can also be passivized. I only
provide some illustrative examples. Directly following the passivized
CV, either a type3 (177-a) or a type2 (177-b) complement can occur.
As is the case in le-passives, the agent denoting NP, here the causer,
can be expressed by an oblique object with the preposition uu `by'.
Example (178) demonstrates a transitive type3 complement tx'a'o sek'
`wash dishes' embedded by a passivized CV.