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P-51 Berry skin development of the grape variety Norton exhibits distinct expression patterns of genes in defense and flavonoid pathways and unique profiles of flavonoid compounds M.B. Ali 1 , S. Howard 1 , S. Chen 3 , L. Kovacs 1,2 , W. Qiu* 1 1 Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA; 2 Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA; 3 Department of Fruit Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China *Corresponding author: wenpingqiu@missouristate.edu The grape variety Norton (Vitis aestivalis) has a higher level of disease resistance than Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera), and its berry chemistry is different from Cabernet Sauvignon. We conducted a microarray study on transcriptome changes of Norton berry skin from 49 days after bloom (DAB) to a fully ripened stage at 118 DAB. Samples of six berry developmental stages were collected. Microarray analysis indicated that there was a dynamic modulation of NBS-LRR resistance genes and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and transcript levels of the PR-1 gene clearly increased during Norton berry skin development. The majority of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were up-regulated; the progressive increase of transcript levels of the stilbene synthase gene family was observed during the ripening phase of Norton berry skin. Transcriptional patterns of Myb transcription factors and structural genes of the flavonoid pathway and profiles of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the berry skin development were analyzed comparatively in Norton and Cabernet Sauvignon. It was found that the total anthocyanin content in Norton berry skins are more abundant than Cabernet Sauvignon, and the kinetics of five anthocyanin derivatives and three PA compounds exhibit distinctive profiles in Norton berry skin. Transcript levels of MybA1 reached to a peak level at 57 DAB (véraison) in Cabernet Sauvignon and at 85 DAB in Norton. MybPA1 transcripts increased significantly at 70 and 85 DAB, and afterwards declined to baseline levels in Norton. MybA2 and MybPA2 transcripts reached a peak level at 57 and 71 DAB, respectively, in Cabernet Sauvignon berry skin. Transcriptional patterns of Myb5A and Myb5B were similar across the berry skin development between the two varieties. The results indicate that MybPA1 plays a major role in Norton while MybPA2 in Cabernet Sauvignon in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Similar pattern of Myb5a and Myb5b regulation demonstrated that general flavonoid pathways are regulated similarly between the two grapevines. The more abundant accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs in Norton than in Cabernet Sauvignon berry skin correlated well with elevated transcript levels of genes encoding flavonoid-3′-hydrooxylase, flavonoid-3′,5′-hydrooxylase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O- 129 
glucosyltransferase, anthocyanidin reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) 1 and LAR2 in Norton. 130 
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Date Time Session Topic Sunday Augu
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Monday August 2, 2010 Opening Plena
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Topic: Adaptation to soils and clim
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Tuesday August 3, 2010 Oral Session
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Poster Session 2 1:30 PM-3:00 PM Po
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P-105 Pathogen responsiveness and v
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Table of Contents Keynote Presentat
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K-2 Progress in grapevine breeding
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K-4 Genetics and Genomics of Grapev
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O-2 Additional homologs of the Ren1
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O-4 Y. Xu and Y.Wang* Introduction
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O-5 Identification of an R2R3 MYB t
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O-7 Sequencing of the phylloxera re
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O-9 Dissection of defense pathways
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O-11 Recent trends and technologies
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O-13 Brazilian Grape Breeding Progr
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O-15 Development of rootstocks for
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O-17 L. Wang* 1 , S. Li 1, 2 , P. F
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O-19 Integrated analysis of transcr
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O-20 Deciphering the chromosome str
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O-22 Identification of table grapes
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O-24 Metagenomic sequencing as a to
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O-26 Regulation of bud fruitfulness
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O-28 Haplotype structure and cluste
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O-30 Annette Nassuth Function of Vi
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10 to 25% of the chlorotic symptoms
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O-34 Cloning and characterization o
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O-36 New insight into the genetics
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O-38 Co-Localization of QTLs for Se
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O-40 Quantitative analysis of textu
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O-42 Transcriptional changes in res
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O-44 The Turkish grape (Vitis vinif
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Association genetics in relation wi
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O-47 Intravarietal variability of C
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O-49 Molecular survey of Georgian t
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O-51 Marker-assisted breeding: Iden
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O-53 An Integrated approach to stud
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O-55 Characteristics of promising m
Page 77 and 78: P-2 PMEI and SPY: Two genes with po
Page 79 and 80: P-4 Gene-assisted selection for tab
Page 81 and 82: P-6 Polyphenolic potential of the r
Page 83 and 84: P-8 Monoterpene levels in different
Page 85 and 86: P-10 Usefulness of the SCC8 scar ma
Page 87 and 88: P-12 The onset of berry ripening is
Page 89 and 90: P-14 Morphological characteristics
Page 91 and 92: P-16 A genetic analysis of berry qu
Page 93 and 94: P-18 Use of molecular markers for s
Page 95 and 96: P-20 Characterization of key compon
Page 97 and 98: P-22 Expression of early light-indu
Page 99 and 100: P-24 The development of molecular m
Page 101 and 102: P-26 Identification of ABA inducibl
Page 103 and 104: P-28 In vitro selection of HYP tole
Page 105 and 106: P-30 In silico SNP detection for ge
Page 107 and 108: P-32 Vitis vinifera genome annotati
Page 109 and 110: P-34 Genome-wide identification of
Page 111 and 112: P-36 Looking for genetic polymorphi
Page 113 and 114: P-38 Characterization of a new horm
Page 115 and 116: P-40 Towards a characterization of
Page 117 and 118: the overall identified polymorphism
Page 119 and 120: P-43 Proteomic characterization of
Page 121 and 122: P-45 Preliminary observations on th
Page 123 and 124: grapevine which will eventually be
Page 125 and 126: P-48 ‘Cioutat’: a somatic varia
Page 127: P-50 Estimation of protein spot var
Page 131 and 132: P-53 Marker-free transgenic grapevi
Page 133 and 134: P-55 Agrobacterium rhizogenes-media
Page 135 and 136: P-57 Phenotypic evaluation of ‘Th
Page 137 and 138: P-59 Phenotypic divergence among gr
Page 139 and 140: P-61 Grepevine variety determinatio
Page 141 and 142: agricultural context. This network
Page 143 and 144: P-64 Genetic structure in a large r
Page 145 and 146: P-66 Analysis of grape rootstocks b
Page 147 and 148: P-68 Italian wild grapevine: a stat
Page 149 and 150: Rebula-Robola group were genotyped
Page 151 and 152: P-71 Viticultural performance of so
Page 153 and 154: P-73    Molecular characterizat
Page 155 and 156: P-75 Variation of berry polyphenoli
Page 157 and 158: P-77 Morphological and molecular id
Page 159 and 160: P-79 Studies on an excellent, early
Page 161 and 162: P-81 Effectiveness of different cul
Page 163 and 164: P-83 Some early maturing table grap
Page 165 and 166: P-85 New triploid seedless table gr
Page 167 and 168: P-87 Grape breeding and viticulture
Page 169 and 170: P-89 The usefulness of allotetraplo
Page 171 and 172: P-91 Drying rate of fresh berries f
Page 173 and 174: P-93 Development of table and raisi
Page 175 and 176: P-95 Reaction of grape rootstocks t
Page 177 and 178: P-97 Genetic analysis of the resist
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P-99 Berry cracking caused powdery
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P-101 Elicitation of grapevine defe
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P-103 The biological characteristic
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P-105 Pathogen responsiveness and v
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P-107 Screening grape hybrid famili
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P-109 Characterization of an ankyri
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P-112 Evaluation of grapevine germp
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P-114 Evaluation of four new rootst
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