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P-19<br />

The aroma-forming substances of hybrid seedlings of grape<br />

A. Kataenko*, S.V. Levchenko, V.A. Volynkin<br />

National Institute for Vine <strong>and</strong> Wine “Magarach”, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine<br />

Corresponding author: volynkin@ukr.net<br />

The character of muscat aroma is highly valued in grape cultivars of all uses (fresh consumption<br />

<strong>and</strong> processing for wine <strong>and</strong> juice), <strong>and</strong> breeding for muscat aroma is of special importance. The<br />

study <strong>with</strong> this view in mind was based on hybrid seedlings obtained via crossing new-breds of<br />

the Institute “Magarach” <strong>with</strong> each other. The new-breds entering as the donors of the desired<br />

character were cvs ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ also hinting of citron, ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ <strong>with</strong> a<br />

muscat, flowery <strong>and</strong> freshness complexity <strong>and</strong> ‘Muscat JIM’ (elite form) <strong>with</strong> a bright muscat<br />

aroma. The must extracts of the three new-breds <strong>and</strong> five hybrid seedlings <strong>with</strong> one of the former<br />

as a parent were investigated by gas chromatography using an Agilent Technology 6890<br />

chromatograph fitted <strong>with</strong> a mass-spectrometric detector 5973. The substances were identified by<br />

comparing their mass-spectra <strong>with</strong> the available st<strong>and</strong>ards. The concentrations were calculated<br />

based on the ratios of the peaks of pentanol (5 mg/dm 3 ) to the identified peaks of volatile<br />

substances <strong>with</strong>out using the correction factors. Terpenoid substances, esters <strong>and</strong> aldehydes were<br />

identified in the samples studied, <strong>with</strong> a total amount in the range of 3.09-8.31 mg/dm 3<br />

depending on the sample. Linalool, its oxides <strong>and</strong> isomers, geraniol <strong>and</strong> limonene were the major<br />

terpene compounds. The highest (2.85 mg/dm 3 ) <strong>and</strong> the lowest levels of the total terpenoids (0.4<br />

mg/dm 3 ) were found in the extracts of ‘Muscat JIM’ <strong>and</strong> the cross-combination <strong>with</strong> cv<br />

‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ as a parent, respectively. The esters were found in small quantities. The<br />

identified compounds were esters of higher fatty acids <strong>with</strong> fruity <strong>and</strong> flowery aromas.<br />

Practically no differences were registered as to the quantitative ester composition of the samples<br />

studied. Non-saturated alcohols (hexanol isomers) responsible for the fresh-cut grass aroma were<br />

also identified, <strong>with</strong> the highest level in the must extract of cv ‘Spartanets Magaracha’,<br />

underlying the freshness component of its aroma, <strong>and</strong> the lowest levels in the cross-combinations<br />

<strong>with</strong> that cultivar as a parent. The chromatography also indicated the presence of substances<br />

masking the muscat aroma or blocking the taste sensors during the sensory analysis. This<br />

suggests that the small levels of aroma-forming components do not necessarily underlie the<br />

lower quality <strong>and</strong> pronounced muscat aroma in hybrid forms of interspecific origin provided the<br />

favorable ratios of the components.<br />

95


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