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P-19<br />
The aroma-forming substances of hybrid seedlings of grape<br />
A. Kataenko*, S.V. Levchenko, V.A. Volynkin<br />
National Institute for Vine <strong>and</strong> Wine “Magarach”, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine<br />
Corresponding author: volynkin@ukr.net<br />
The character of muscat aroma is highly valued in grape cultivars of all uses (fresh consumption<br />
<strong>and</strong> processing for wine <strong>and</strong> juice), <strong>and</strong> breeding for muscat aroma is of special importance. The<br />
study <strong>with</strong> this view in mind was based on hybrid seedlings obtained via crossing new-breds of<br />
the Institute “Magarach” <strong>with</strong> each other. The new-breds entering as the donors of the desired<br />
character were cvs ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ also hinting of citron, ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ <strong>with</strong> a<br />
muscat, flowery <strong>and</strong> freshness complexity <strong>and</strong> ‘Muscat JIM’ (elite form) <strong>with</strong> a bright muscat<br />
aroma. The must extracts of the three new-breds <strong>and</strong> five hybrid seedlings <strong>with</strong> one of the former<br />
as a parent were investigated by gas chromatography using an Agilent Technology 6890<br />
chromatograph fitted <strong>with</strong> a mass-spectrometric detector 5973. The substances were identified by<br />
comparing their mass-spectra <strong>with</strong> the available st<strong>and</strong>ards. The concentrations were calculated<br />
based on the ratios of the peaks of pentanol (5 mg/dm 3 ) to the identified peaks of volatile<br />
substances <strong>with</strong>out using the correction factors. Terpenoid substances, esters <strong>and</strong> aldehydes were<br />
identified in the samples studied, <strong>with</strong> a total amount in the range of 3.09-8.31 mg/dm 3<br />
depending on the sample. Linalool, its oxides <strong>and</strong> isomers, geraniol <strong>and</strong> limonene were the major<br />
terpene compounds. The highest (2.85 mg/dm 3 ) <strong>and</strong> the lowest levels of the total terpenoids (0.4<br />
mg/dm 3 ) were found in the extracts of ‘Muscat JIM’ <strong>and</strong> the cross-combination <strong>with</strong> cv<br />
‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ as a parent, respectively. The esters were found in small quantities. The<br />
identified compounds were esters of higher fatty acids <strong>with</strong> fruity <strong>and</strong> flowery aromas.<br />
Practically no differences were registered as to the quantitative ester composition of the samples<br />
studied. Non-saturated alcohols (hexanol isomers) responsible for the fresh-cut grass aroma were<br />
also identified, <strong>with</strong> the highest level in the must extract of cv ‘Spartanets Magaracha’,<br />
underlying the freshness component of its aroma, <strong>and</strong> the lowest levels in the cross-combinations<br />
<strong>with</strong> that cultivar as a parent. The chromatography also indicated the presence of substances<br />
masking the muscat aroma or blocking the taste sensors during the sensory analysis. This<br />
suggests that the small levels of aroma-forming components do not necessarily underlie the<br />
lower quality <strong>and</strong> pronounced muscat aroma in hybrid forms of interspecific origin provided the<br />
favorable ratios of the components.<br />
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