conference schedule and program with abstracts - Horticulture ...

P-64
Genetic structure in a large representative sample of cultivated and wild grapevines
R. Bacilieri*, L. Le Cunff, M. Di Vecchi-Staraz, V. Laucou, T. Lacombe, S. Picq, S. Gorislavets,
D. Maghradze, S. Imazio, D. Pospíšilová, S. Ercisli, A. El Oualkadi, M. Ater, J.P. Peros, J-M.
Boursiquot, P. This
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Montpellier, France
*Corresponding author: bacilier@supagro.inra.fr
The genetic structure of a collection of more than 2900 unique genotypes representative of both
the cultivated and the wild grapevine gene pools was studied with the help of nuclear neutral and
non-neutral molecular markers. The subgroups obtained through complementary clustering
methods were matched with their geographic origins and their phenotypic characterizations. The
main clustering obtained with microsatellite markers on the larger genotype dataset, was
confirmed by the SNP variation of 80 genes of reference, chosen as the most informative ones
out of a total of 960 genes, re-sequenced on a subset of representative genotypes (corecollection).
The partition of diversity of both neutral and non-neutral markers pointed to patterns
that could be related to historical processes of domestication, selection and breeding, and to
geography, from ancestral groups derived from opposite regions of the grapevine distribution
area, down to a number of subgroups linked to specific local uses and grape features, finally
merging into a family level. Within the cultivated compartment, the three most significant
subgroups corresponded to the wine grapes from the Western Europe, the wine grapes from
Balkans and Central Europe, and the table grapes from the East. A further subdivision evidenced
family or sub-regional structures, such as the groupings of grapevines from Maghreb, from the
Italian and the Iberian peninsula, from Russia and the Caucasian region, or the Muscat, the
Savagnin and the Pinot-Gouais families. The study of the relationships with the wild
compartment revealed that the cultivated gene pool was derived from two separate wild
grapevine gene pools, one wild pool from the East that contributed to the table grapes, and a
second wild pool from West Europe that contributed to the wine grapes. Presenting the more
complete dataset to date, this work allows researchers to precisely account for genetic structure
when sampling diversity within unstructured groups, as it is required by modern methods of
genome-wide association genetics. It also adds a layer of information to the already documented
national grapevine collection of Vassal, France, confirming its role as a reference for grapevine
genetic studies.
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