conference schedule and program with abstracts - Horticulture ...
conference schedule and program with abstracts - Horticulture ...
conference schedule and program with abstracts - Horticulture ...
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P-89<br />
The usefulness of allotetraploidy <strong>and</strong> isolated embryo culture in vitro<br />
for obtaining intergeneric hybrids of grape<br />
A. Kataenko*, V.A. Volynkin, V.A. Zlenko, A.A. Poluliakh, N.P. Oleinikov, V.V. Lichovskoi<br />
National Institute for Vine <strong>and</strong> Wine “Magarach”, Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,<br />
Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine<br />
*Corresponding author: volynkin@ukr.net<br />
The development of intergeneric hybrids of grape <strong>with</strong>in the Vitaceae family was attempted by<br />
using allotetraploidy combined <strong>with</strong> isolated embryo culture in vitro. Plants of the genus Vitis<br />
(eight V. vinifera cultivars, 2n = 38) were crossed <strong>with</strong> those of the genera Ampelopsis (A.<br />
acontifolia, A. cordata, 2n = 40) <strong>and</strong> Parthenocissus (P. inserta <strong>and</strong> P. guinguefolia, 2n = 40).<br />
To obtain tetraploid forms, buds broken from dormancy were treated <strong>with</strong> colchicine at 0.5%.<br />
The presence of pairs of chromosomes is a necessary prerequisite for synapsis during meiosis<br />
<strong>and</strong> for gamete formation, which is required for fertility in hybrid seedlings. Plants were grown<br />
in vitro from embryos isolated from the green berries 40 days after the fertilization. The<br />
crossings yielded only two seedlings of ‘Kharty pro Livie’ x Ampelopsis cordata <strong>and</strong> 11<br />
seedlings of ‘Picpoule noir’ x Ampelopsis acontifolia, because the development of intergeneric<br />
hybrids is associated <strong>with</strong> considerable difficulties due to genetic <strong>and</strong> biochemical<br />
incompatibility of different genera <strong>with</strong>in Vitaceae, which in the first case may lead to<br />
genetically unstable plants. The dissection pattern of the leaf in the progeny was different from<br />
that of the V. vinifera cultivars used as the female parents (flowers <strong>with</strong> female flower parts)<br />
which had undissected leaves. This suggests quite reliably that this character was inherited from<br />
the male parents <strong>and</strong> the plants obtained are intergeneric hybrids of grape. The possibility of<br />
obtaining such forms artificially indicates that they might have arisen from distant crosses in<br />
nature in the course of natural evolution.<br />
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