The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXIV, Part 1-2, 1976 - Khamkoo

288 REVIEW ARTICLE
But 'dependencies of San-fo-tsi' does not seem correct to me, and
I think it should be 'the fifteen City States of Sri Vijaya.' Of
these States, Ceylon was a very important unit because it was on the
trade route between the Middle and Far East, and Sri Vijaya wanted to
keep this route open at all costs. This concept of the United City States
of Sri Vijaya can be supported by other evidence. In Tang times, the
New Tang History, 2228, 5a, stated that Shih-li-/o-shih had fourteen
cities and was divided into two parts. The western part is called Langpo-ku-sau.
The two parts were the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The
names of the cities are not given, but they would not include Ceylon.
Then in 1025 Rajendra I invaded the Peninsula. First he took Kadaram
(Kedah), then Sri Vijaya (Chaiya), followed by eleven other states, whose
names appear in the South Indian Tanjore inscription. These perhaps
did not include Suvarnnakudya, which according to Paranavitana had
already gone over to the Cbolas before the invasion (see Section 14above),
and Ceylon. The names in the two lists are:
Tanjore Inscription
Kadar am
Sri Vijaya
Pannai
Malaiyur
Mayirudingam
Ilangasoka
Mappapalam
Mevilimbangam
Valaippanduru
Talaittakkolam
Tambralinga
Ilamuridesam
Nakkavaram
(Suvarnnakudya ?)
(Ceylon)
Chao-ju-kua
Pong-fong
Tong-ya-nong
Ling-ya-si-kia
Kilantan
Fo-lo-an
Ji-lo-ting
Tsien-mai
Pa-t a
Tan-rna-ling
Kia-lo-hi
Pa-lin-fong
Sin-to
Kien-pi
Lan-wu-Ii
Si-lan
The evidence for these United City States may not be very
strong because the names in the two lists cannot be equated without
playin,g a combined Sino-lndian word-~ame, nor can they be equated