The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXIV, Part 1-2, 1976 - Khamkoo

288 REVIEW ARTICLES
The hill is the Ratubaka Plateau, also called Sorogedun. A few
inscriptions have been found on this range, one of which recorded the
founding of a Sihalarama (Ceylonese monastery) by Samaratunga in 794;
and another the founding of a linga by Pikatan dated 856. Opposite
Prambanan, and close to the river, are ruins which, according to the
legend of Lara Djonggrang, were the palace of King Ratubaka. While
legends do not make very good historical evidence they can sometimes
throw light on a dark spot, as we have seen in the case of the Sejarah
Melayu. There is no agreement as to whether the ruins are those of a
chandi or a royal palace. As the ground plan bas no similarity to those
of Prambanan, Sewu and Plaosan, I think it is safe to follow the legend
of the Slender Maiden. It would seem that the Sailendras, true to their
title as Lords of the Mountains, built their homes on the hills and
relegated the abodes of their gods to the plain.
From the epigraphic evidence already cited, it would seem that
Prince Panamkarana (Panang Karan) succeeded Sanjaya at Mataram,
but moved his capital to a new site on the Opak River-one that had
already been a community (Bogem and Bogisan). Panamkarana, who
became King Dharanindra when his father died, built Chandi Kalasan
in 778 and began Prambanan and Sewu. When he died, his son,
Samaratunga, started Plaosan Lor which was completed by his daughter
Queen Kahulunnan and her husband, Pikatan, who set up some short
inscriptions dated 850. In 856 Pikatan turned over the kingdom to'his
son, Kayu Wani, and abdicated. I do not know whether Kayu Wani
(seventh on the Mataram list) moved to Prambanan or continued to live
at Mataram, because two more names follow his. Perhaps Prambanan
was the capital and Mataram the seat of the Uparaja. We now look
for the location of Sanjaya's Mataram and again start from Jogyakarta.
There were three Matarams in the history of Java. One was
Sanjaya's in the 8th century, another in East Java, and the third in Jogya
itself. An inscription from the Demangan district of Jogya is now kept
in the Prambanan Field Museum. I was told it is dated in the 9th or
lOth century but I have no further information, and anyway I do not
think Jogya was the Mataram of Sanjaya. It is too far from Borobudur