ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

-Box 3.1 is based on Moyer and Thompson 1992 forthcoming, and Silverman 1992. Comments from
and the Stewart-Smith bacground paper- Box 32. Tmt Campbefl, Rui Coutinho, Bob Ebel, Jim Hicks,
and Box table 32 are based on Viscusi, Vemon, and Maureen Lewis, Julio Linares, Remy Prud'homme,
Harrington 1992 and Winston 1993. Box 3.3 is by David Sewell, Anwar Shah, Sudhir Shetty, Andrea
Ashoka Mody. The source for Box 3A is Triche 1990. Silvennan, Jerry Silverman, Kazuko Uchimura, and
Box 35 is based on personal communication with Yoshine Uchimura, of the World Bank, together
Akain LocussoL Box 3.6 was drafted by Robert Tay- with the comments of Richard Bird (University of
; ' ' lor Material for Box 3.7 was gathered from the En- Toronto), Jacques Cremer (University of Toulouse),
ternational Fmance Corporation background paper and George Zodrow (Rice University) on earlier
- - The source for Box 3.8 is the Naidu and Lee back- drafts, significantly improved the text. Useful reground
paper The material for Box 3.9 was gath- lated work included Afonso 1989,_ Castells 1988,
ered from Hill and Abdala 1993, and that for Box Derycke and Gilbert 1988, Kirwvan 1989, Kitchen
310 is from Levy and Spiller 1993. The source for 1993, Ostrom, Schroeder, and Wynne 1993,
Box 311 is Paul 1993.
Prud'homme 1992, Rondinelli 1991, and Wunsh
In addition, many individuals contributed valu- 1990,1991a, and 1991b.
able comments to this draft, including, among oth- The section on participation draws heavily on
-es, Veronique Bishop, Robert Bmce, Michael En- Naravan forthcoming and on World Bank docuhorn,
Ray Hartnan, David Haug, Hugh Landzke, ments, including Bhatnagar and Williams 1992 and
Subodh Mathur, Barbara Opper, David Sappington, a recent survey by Gerson 1993. Analytical work
Mark Schankerma Richard Scurfield, Mark Segal was based on a database compiled by Deepa Na-
Claude Sorel, Martin Stewart-Smith, and Thelma rayan, who also provided comments- In addition,
Tiche.
the section benefited from written communication
from Allain Ballereau. Messrs. Kroh and Pichke of
Chpter4
the German development agencies Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) and Kreditan-
This chapter draws heavily on numerous intenal stalt fir Wiederaufbau (KfW), respectivelv, pro-
World Bank reports Useful discussions and com- vided important background material on their
ments were received from many people both within agencies' expenence, as did MiiIIer-Glodde 1991.
and outside the World Bank, including Carter Bran- Much of the material on budget allocations drew
don, Michael Cernea, David Coady, Maureen Crop- fromr- World Bank public expenditure reviews of varper,
lionel Demery, Jean Dreze, Stephen Howes, ious countries as well as from other interal docu-
William Jack, Valerie KozeL Jean Lanjouw, Herve ments The background papers by Asako; Naidu
Plusquellec, David Steers, Lyn Squire, Nicholas and Lee; Reinfeld; Swaroop; and Uzawa provided
Stemr, Elaine Sun, and Vmaya Swaroop.
useful material, as did Lacey 1989. Qian and Xu
In additionr the Canadian International Develop- 1993 provided evidence on township and rural enment
Administration, the International Forum for terprises in China. Anand 1983 supplied an analysis
Rural Transport and Development, the International of poverty in Malaysia during the 1970s.
Labour Organisation, the Netherlands Ministry of Aside from internal documents, the section on
Overseas Cooperation, UNICEF, and Water Aid srlbsidies drew on a study of five Latin American
(U.K) provided. useftil written material and perti- countries by Petrei 1987 and on material made availnent
advice.
able to the team by Gaurav Datt, Richard Jolly and
The section on decentalization draws on a data- colleagues at UNICEF, and Carlos Veles.
base compiled by Frannie Humplick and discussed The section on externalities draws on World
in Humplick 1992 Data on the evolution of decen- Bank intemal documents and on Bakalian and Jatralization
are based on IMF statistics, and the dis- gannathan 1991, Bernstein 1993, Blackshaw 1992,
cussion draws on backgound papers by Bird; and Whittington and others 1992. Piotr Wilczynsli's
Crdmer, Estache, and Seabright; and Estache and information on Poland, Vaandrag