Access to safe dri,kfim inter Acce*tss itasg iolnl Total Urbn Ruiral Total Urbani Rural * Country 2~~~970 2980 1990 1980 1990 1980 1990 1970 1980 1990 1980 1990 1980 1990. High-inome emonomes liflirmland .. 9 100..o10 100 00 . 94 100 IUD0 . 100 III NewZealand . .. 97 .. 10 . 82 ;. . . . . . 88 112 tIsrael .. 9 100 .. 100 .. 97 . .. 99 .. 99 .. 95 11 llSpain 82 90 100 .100 . 100 .. 90 100 . 100 . 100 l114 tHonglKong .. 10 100. 100 100 95 96 4. 94 58 100 90 .. 50 ll5 tSingapore .. lO 100 100 100 .. . Su 5 .. o8 97 - 116 AustralIa 99 .. . . 1101 100 .. . . . 0 . 0 117 UnfiedKVingdom 99 99 00 .. OU1 .. JO *. 85 100 .. 1OD . 100 Ilaitaly 85 90 100 IO1U . 100 .. 99 10 . 100 .. 10 119 Netherlands 99 100 100 .. 111 . 10 100 . 100 100 O .. 100 120 Canada 96 98 100g 100 .~ 100 .. . .. . .. . 121lBelgium 95' 98 io.101 0 100 00 . 99 10 .. 10 .. 100 12ZlFinland 53 70o 96 .. 99 .. 90 .. 72 100 100 . IOU0 123 tUnihed Arab Emirate . 92 .100 95 100 81 .100 so 8 95 93 100 22 77 124 Franw 92 98 100 .. 100 100 .. 5 100 100 . 100 125 Austria .. 0 100 I0OD . 100 .. 5 100 .. log (11) 126Gerni any 100 100. . 1D .100 . .. 100 .. 100 . 100 127 United States .. 100 4.. . .. 98 .. . .. . I2l Norwvay 98go10 100 . 100 00 . 85 1Wo 100 4 100 129 Denniark 90 100 1(0 00 100 . 100 100 g .. 100 100 .l3oSweden 78~.1 56 100 .. 100 100 85 100 10 410 132 Switzerland. 97 98 1004o 100 .. 100 .. 5 100 100 4 100 Seleced economics not induded in wain WDI tables Angola 26 40 85 73 10 20 .. 20 22 410 25 15 .20 Barbados 98 99 100 100 100 28 100 100 44 100 . 100 Cyprus 100 100 o 100 100 10 1 0100 100 I 7 IWK 96 IO10010 Fiji . 37 77 SD 94 96 66 69 70o 75 85 91 60065 Gambia, The 12 44 7 85 100 *. 48 67 .. 0 .. Cuvana 7-5 72 7-f9 .. 10 60 7t 100 86 85 100 97( 80 81 Haiti .. 19 41 48 56 a 355 4 25 44 .. 17 Iceland 4 .. 100 .. 100 44 100 .. .. 10 100 .. W Iraq 51 77 . 93 41 48 .. . .. 9 Kuwvait Si 8 . 100 ... . .. *44 100 4 4 LUberiea 15 .. 54] 93 16 22 16 6. 5 . 4 .. 8. Luxembourg 44 4 100 *. 100 100 .. .. 10 . 100 44 100 Malta..10 100 IU lOU 100 i 100 190 . 97 100 0 100 84 100 Surinme, 55 68 52 7 hb 56 4 . 64 36 SwvazIlanda. . . 31 100 ;. .. 45 .. oo . 25 Zaire * 11 . 39 *. 68 .. 24 6 .. 23. 4 46 .. 11 tEconomies classified by the United Nations, or otherwise reprded by their authorities as devdloping& a. 1990 data refer to 1988; World Resurces Institute 1992. b. World Resouroes Inttt 992. c. For range estimates, seemap on access to safe water in the intinucion to thec WDL 148
Table AS3 IBRD and IDA commitments (miillions of ctrmest U.S. dollarsj tlflDand iDA WIBD IDAWaea! th. Toa lw FY lufusInctre Tota laftara ut ure Taut amUmiuuc Aranitatia.Wi w 1&u tamkimlI bmpd RWnvys Howurns Parts uwspjair Other 19.50 132 179 . .. 26 72 a 17 0 34 34 0 0 0 0 1951 171 297 i.s1 87 a a 0 65 23 25 17 0 0 .1952 161 2W9 * I itO 0 a 0 49 40 0 3 0 6 1953 62 179 .. . 0 a 0 a 0 42 39 3 0 0 0 1954 187 324 - . 0 107 0 a 0 50 50 26 4 0 U 1955 226 410 .. 18 76 a a a 1372 101 LI 20 0 0 1956 302 396 ; .. 0 175 0 a a 127 43 52 32 0 0 1957. 121 388 , a. 83 0 a a 38 0 15 8 0 15 1958 55) 711 . .. 7 230 a a a 32 209 60 53 0 0 1959 543 7703 0 286 0 a 0 2577 161 77 20 0 0 1960 432 6599 . . 16 225 a a a 192 63 40 62 0 37 196 561 610 101 101 138 125 0 0 0 399 191 180 28 0 0 1962 739 29 139 149 -71) 512 3 13 0 281 61 184 36 0 0 1963 354t 464 244 260 62. 179 42 3 0 312 148 132 32 0 0 1964 7 03 825 169 283 9. 394 10 54 0 405 7 0 300 35 0 0 1965 837 1,065 241 309 109 360 33- 34 0 542 237 300 5 0 0 1966 672 839 96 284 64 255 42 272 0 386 17-9 153 54 0 0 1967i 647 839 37 356 19 345 40 2 0 28 32 208 39 0 0 1968 633 935 68 i0s7 300 47 14 0 265 146 119 0 0 0 1969 1L039 1,507. 159 385 134 440 51 41 0 503 112 302 89 0 0 1970 1,2111,68 327 606 218 57-2 96 33 0 62-1 158 391 -48 0 24 1971 1,371 Z,030 311 584 Ah 561 1%6 189 5 659 220 3121 97 0 30 1972 1,08 2Z041 497 1,000 148 521 114 55 10 748 258 275 150 0 65 1973 1,1332Z154 641 1,357f 289 322 248 279 20 637- 134 266 215 16 6 1974 2,09 3,302 422 1,095 427 77/7 108 186 53 1,017 248 449 230 60 30 1975,1,7824,415 456 1,577 50D7 504 199 121) 93 909 437 295 164 0 13 19762,489 5,047 727 1,655 528 949 64 .297 54 1,373 325 768 230 26 29 1977 2.80 5,830 536 1,307 83 952 140 337 13 1,07-3 126 651 247 25 24 1978 2.88 6,208 WI 2,313 940 1,146 221 3.75 264 1,197 259 556 163 105 14 1979 3,88 7,335 1,633 3,022 .946 1,375 110 1,169 294 1,920 333 1.365 89 16 67, 1980 4,36 8,307 .1,9983,933 1,319 Z.67 131 640 303 1,601 337 7796 312 56 100 1981 3,375 8,899 12394- 3,482 1,356 1,323 329 590 411 1,172 290 570r 58 90 164 1982 4,03010,333 1378 2,686 826 2,131 396 441 375 1,614 103 1,05 331 0 125 1983 3,70411,136 1,810 3,351 9341 1,768 57 781 529 1.924 450 I,00 258 0 208 1984 5,68311,947 1,34 3,575 *869 2.649 167 61 344 2,74 67" 1,58 334 146 2 1985 5,28011,356 1,1453,028 1,051 2,250 122 781 325 2,192 7755 823 382 53 1779 1986 5,09813,17791,22 3,140 1,405 2Z787 50 580 573 1.498 330 782 385 0 1 1987 5,89 14,188 1,3163,486 418 3,017 682 969 1,09 2,122 380 1,218 148 376 0 1988 5,18914,762 1.1334,459 942 2,007 36 515 672 2,523 85 1,314 260 180 213 1989 4,79 16,433 1,662 4,934 580 3,033 161 791 937 1,906 332 77-4 17 75 550 1990 6,93415,180 1,306 5,52 714 3,218 617r 906 556 2,785 40 2,352 3T7 0 356 1991 3,M7216,392 1,66 6,293 980 1,344 340 1,225 306 1,492- 115 910 268 104 95 1992 6,24515,156 1,444 6,550 1,010 3,042 430 911 624 2Z296 550 1,22 15 186 325 1993 6,9O 16,945 1,974 .62751 9270 2,613 353 1,154 148 3,837 701 2,146 159 669 162 Table AA Officia development finance commitments Wmillioms of curment U.S. dellars) outer Wzairszapply infmsfructwr Total year and sanitLfalku Transport Connurmnkatkms Earsnj setors inf rastructure Total 1984 I'M9 5,938 940 8,565 330 17,666 599,485- 1985 2,555 .5,303 786 7,675 286 16,608 56,183 1986 3,2113 4,690 1,141 7,595 5r72 17,214 67,092 1987 2,858 8,466 1,080 8,733 1,030 2ZI167 8Z,306 1988 4,319 7,697 2,519 8,-759 1,454 24,748 87,072 1989 1,979 7,503 1,628 6,570 2,817 20A497 75,115 1990 2,642 6,16 2,373 6,32 2015 20,168 92,96 1991 2,90 7,380 1,421 8,969' 3,298 23,758 101,589 149
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3jQi'[~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ I -:A -
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... ..... Oxford University Prss :O
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-: .- : 7 - A- - .~ g ------ Vry. _
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. 6 Setting priorities and implemen
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3.1. Contractual anrangements for p
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Because of changes in GNP per capit
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- - Infrastruckure's roleand record
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L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C- l' __
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Diagnosing the causes of poor perfo
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private sector have evolved. Port f
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tradability of infrastructure servi
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fits. The way ahead is one of 'cont
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Eior - 1 a iX for. - '1~t'*%~ E 6 -
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;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W.:-
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BoxL12 The importance of infrastruc
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and reliability, as well as on quan
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Expansion of transport infrastructu
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Roads are not private goods, althou
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Table 1.3 Expansion of infrastructu
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: ~ ~ 2 A :0::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9 0 0
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pie of Latin American water utiltie
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straint to their mobility (Figure 1
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Box 1.7 Infastiucture activities ti
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* Option A: Public ownership and op
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Lessons of success and failure mana
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-~~~~o 22, -Svrac pa eae layoffs tt
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vices. These concerns are particula
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Management conitracting wHEN is Ir
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- :. : : . - I- ~~*r~ 4.~ accounts
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The best way of reducing the gap be
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the high rates of return for mainte
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l:: :: . - : 0~ ,aSn- ::~~~i /W-#H
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egional gas distributors, and an en
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5 : zFigre3C4mnbndbgl atvitie ices
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Helped in part by sectoral unbundli
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;t~~1F D ¢- l- e as is demnonstrat
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short-mn gain and skimp on routine
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Table 3.2 Value of infrastructure p
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Box 3.6 Telecom piivatizati6ci the
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Box 3.8 Regulation and privatizatio
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private management can become compl
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this chapter shows, where regulator
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transport ministries in Africa is o
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Unlodking local effort through- dec
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Box 4.3 Power in Purang and roads i
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->W>
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way of achieving distributional obj
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are bundled into low-cost loans to
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powerful minorities can capture the
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to this purpose without sacrificing
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found that although households were
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4 I~~~Z Box46 W canbenefitftbm ibut
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I Box. 4.9 Icroaigenviironmental. c
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. ............ --S - Financigneeded
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Box 5.1 Is there a free lunch?-limi
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Box 52 Tapping international capita
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1~~~~D Clt ,-,.Re -b cope an tie 0
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- Page 151 and 152: Easterly, William and Sergio ReWo.
- Page 153 and 154: Paul, Samuel. 1991a. -Accomitabilit
- Page 155 and 156: Shirley; Mary and John Nellia 1991.
- Page 157 and 158: *:: Appendix: Infrastr cture data T
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- Page 169 and 170: * ;;\ * i Contents Key 154 Introduc
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- Page 179 and 180: Pqm&uem Airs GN'perafii -AY an!A Uj
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TowdrreTaRr -- Inc~~t mz2 ]m im mm
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Dbimnsuzm pulEIMS) RqrsYWwsefpdnr4u
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* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ToAd njinuc Net FDI
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Wpram agwofamdamrsdddirm S of~~~S.f
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Caiwhssu ~~~An iwqr6atwe A-ragromaB
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Tot 1.iS. 1lj9muksud Awiugnwf-guw*
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Cnd&bin CswkdtmuhArifuve rno fjrIUA
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1970 199 1971 POO0 199 1970 1992 1O
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_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ * A~~~~~~~~ifm a
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Luje'ecam=rurabt @vs A&J a(nionrper
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PPPEJrImE4fGNp Tar Is seon N i Fe I
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M%qainl in. Elm arrarein 1992.. 5 %
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ParTr TdecImUmfaIUkdIS Pawr,! at Wa
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Taunt iFemifirnms Fwstr,srsuahmrd.
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E000 *t Technical notes' The main c
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practical and conceptual difficulti
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ties, and any statistical discrepan
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ily workers, they exdude homeworker
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and bxes not allocable to other cat
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derived from shorter-term stays are
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table, goods and services include w
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aise the isk of infant mortaliyand
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Columns 2 thrugh 7 give the shares
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the ICP Phase IV report, World Comp
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mation explicitly excludes decade-l
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t 1 Classfiction orec"onomuies by i
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Part 2 Clssfcation of economies by