ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

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Counli y ranking Population Ifanfilt Totalf Owiunry in tabh&s aruISuas mavrt thy )btiffly Namibia 70 1991 1992 1992 Nepal 5 1991 1987 18 Netherlands 119 197P- 19912 1992 NewZiealand ill 1991 1991 1991 Nicargua 22 1971 1955 1985 Niger 16 1985 1992 1992 Nigeria 21 1991 1990 1990 Nopaly 128 1990 .1992 1991 Orthan 103 1989 1989 Pakistan 26 1981 1990-91 1990-91 Panama 82 1990 1985-87 1990 Papua New Guinea 53 1998 . 1980 1950 Parguay 69 1992 1990 1990 Peru 54 1981 1991-92 1991-92 Phippines 46 *1990 1988 Poland 76 1988 1991 1992 Portugal 108 199! 1992 1992 Puerto Rico 105 1990 1991 1991 R1om.ania 61 1992 1990 1991 Russian Federation 84 1989 1991-2 1992 Rwanda 15 1991 1983 1992 Saudi Arabia 109 1992 1990 1990 Senegal 48 1988 1992-93 1992-93 SPerra Leione 4 1989- ? 1971 1975l iRSingap.re 115 1990 1991 1991 Slovak Republic 78 1991 199S 1991 Slovenia 104 1991 1990 1990 Snmali- 39 1987 1980 1903 South Africa 89 1991 1980 1981 Spain 113 1991 1992 1992 Sri Lanka 32 1991- 1988 1959 SU&m 40 1953 1989-90 1959-90 Sweden 130 1990 1992 1992 Switzerlad 132 1990 1991 1991 Syri Amab Rep. -8 1981 1990 1981 Ta*l5pstan 29 1989 1991 1991 Tanzania 3 1988 1991-92 1991-92 Thailand 75 1990 1959 1957 'lbgo 1930 23 1989 1988 Thiudad and Tobago 100 1990 1959 1989 Tunisia 72 984a 1985 1990 Turkey . S 1990 1988 1988 Turlcmenistan 63 1989 1991 1991 Uganda 6 1991 1991 1991 Ukraine 73 1989 1991 1991 tUribed Arab Emirates 123 1985 1987 1987 United Kingdom 117 1991 1992 19S9 United Sates 127 1990 1992BS 1992 Uruguay 98 198O 1990 1990 Urbekistan 52 1989 1991 1991 Venezuda 95 1990 1989 1990 Yemean,Rep. 41 986/88 1991-92 1991-92 42 1990 1992 1992 Zimbabwe 33. 1992 198S-89 1988-89 Note Economies with spane data or withpopulationsofnmowe than 30000 and fewer than 1 milion areinduded as partof the countFvgmups in the manin tables but are shown in greater detail in Table la. For da ta comparability and coverage duughout the tabes. see thc technal notes. a. Supplemrnted bv more rcent offiial demographic estimates. b. In all tables data indude Eritza, unless othernjqe stated. c. In an tables data rfcr to the unified Germany. aunless othenrise stated. ' " -f ' ' 156
.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~I .- Introduci-ion This seventeenth edition of the World Development ports of goods and services and of GNP has re- Indicators provides economic, social, and natural placed total external debt as a percentage of exports resource indicators for selected periods or years for of goods and services and of GNP 207 economies and various analytical and Table 25, Populition and labor force, includes popugraphic grouFs of economies. Although most of the lations age 15-64 for 1992 and labor force growth data collected by the World Bank are on low- and rates for 1970-80,1980-92 and 1990-2000- middle-income economies, comparable data for high-income economies are readily available and Classficaton of economies axe also included in the tables. Additional infonna- As in the Report itself, the man criterion used to tion may be found in the World Bank- Atlas, World classify economies and broadlv distinguish different Tables, World Debt rables, and Sociia Indicators of stages of economic development is GNP per capita. Development. These data are now also available on This year the per capita income groups are lowdiskette through the World Bank-s Socioeconomic income, $675 or less in 1992(42 economies); middlerTue-series Access and Retrieval System-*STARS*. income, $676 to 58,355 (67 economies); and high- Changs in this edition Changes in this edition income, moe $8,356 or more (23 economies) F-conomies with populations of fewer than I million and those Because of space limitations in the main tables, an with sparse data are not shown separately in the economy must have reasonable coverage of key main tables but thev are included in the aggregates. socio-economic indicators to be indluded. Addi- Basic indicators for these economies may be found tional basic indicators for economies with sparse in Table la. data (Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia and Herzegov- Further classification of economies is by geoina, Cambodia, Croatia, Cuba, Eritrea, Haiti, Iraq, graphic location. For a list of economies in each Dem. Rep. of Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libena, group, see the tables on classification of econo- Libya, Macedonia FYR, Viet Nam, Fed. Rep of Yu- mies at the back of this book. Aggregates for segoslavia, and Zaire) are presented, along with coun- verely indebted middle-income economies are tries with less than 1 nillion population, in Table Ia. also presented. Other changes have been made to a number of tables. Although these are described more fully in Methodglogy the technical notes, an outline of the changes may be The World Bank continually reviews methodology of interest in an effort to improve the international comparabil- A new table, Table 32, fnfiustructure, has been in- ity and analytical significance of the indicators- Difduded to highlight key indicators of the service ferences between data in this year's and last year's level and coverage of infrastructure (see the techni- editions reflect not only updates for the countries cal notes). but also revisions to historical series and changes in The table on the structure of consumption has methodology. been deleted because updates have not been avai-- All dollar figures are current US. dollars unless able for most countries since 1985. otherwise stated. The various methods used for con- In Table 23, Total extenal debt ratios, net present verting from national currency figures are descnrbed value of exteral debt as a percentage of total ex- in the technical notes. 157
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... ..... Oxford University Prss :O
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-: .- : 7 - A- - .~ g ------ Vry. _
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. 6 Setting priorities and implemen
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3.1. Contractual anrangements for p
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Because of changes in GNP per capit
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- - Infrastruckure's roleand record
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L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C- l' __
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Diagnosing the causes of poor perfo
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private sector have evolved. Port f
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tradability of infrastructure servi
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fits. The way ahead is one of 'cont
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Eior - 1 a iX for. - '1~t'*%~ E 6 -
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;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W.:-
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BoxL12 The importance of infrastruc
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and reliability, as well as on quan
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Expansion of transport infrastructu
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Roads are not private goods, althou
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Table 1.3 Expansion of infrastructu
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: ~ ~ 2 A :0::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9 0 0
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pie of Latin American water utiltie
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straint to their mobility (Figure 1
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Box 1.7 Infastiucture activities ti
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* Option A: Public ownership and op
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Lessons of success and failure mana
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-~~~~o 22, -Svrac pa eae layoffs tt
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vices. These concerns are particula
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Management conitracting wHEN is Ir
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- :. : : . - I- ~~*r~ 4.~ accounts
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The best way of reducing the gap be
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the high rates of return for mainte
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l:: :: . - : 0~ ,aSn- ::~~~i /W-#H
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egional gas distributors, and an en
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5 : zFigre3C4mnbndbgl atvitie ices
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Helped in part by sectoral unbundli
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;t~~1F D ¢- l- e as is demnonstrat
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short-mn gain and skimp on routine
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Table 3.2 Value of infrastructure p
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Box 3.6 Telecom piivatizati6ci the
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Box 3.8 Regulation and privatizatio
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private management can become compl
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this chapter shows, where regulator
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transport ministries in Africa is o
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Unlodking local effort through- dec
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Box 4.3 Power in Purang and roads i
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->W>
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way of achieving distributional obj
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are bundled into low-cost loans to
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powerful minorities can capture the
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to this purpose without sacrificing
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found that although households were
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4 I~~~Z Box46 W canbenefitftbm ibut
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I Box. 4.9 Icroaigenviironmental. c
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. ............ --S - Financigneeded
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Box 5.1 Is there a free lunch?-limi
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Box 52 Tapping international capita
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1~~~~D Clt ,-,.Re -b cope an tie 0
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V Box 5A A successfl-firtt step in
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change risk through the passing on
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Box 5.8 Look before you leap: limit
Page 121 and 122: poor financial discipline, and subs
Page 123 and 124: 'sv,t-za6oapioceeds (billions of VS
Page 125 and 126: -~ f4' * ; ylkj XtLSidolkits.(1. -~
Page 127 and 128: .*,mmr ''', '- ' f - .,__ -, 6.. -.
Page 129 and 130: Box 6.1 Ingedientr. of good peromne
Page 131 and 132: government and e strength of the co
Page 133 and 134: = -ableb 6.Te tspbrhivaof jrnte' sc
Page 135 and 136: elements of natural monopoly and mu
Page 137 and 138: solid waste disposal through metrop
Page 139 and 140: portant that uinstituitional activi
Page 141 and 142: V-~~~~~~ : ~~~~ :: . = .-s Bibliogr
Page 143 and 144: on. grwh once more sophisticated ec
Page 145 and 146: structure and explain the importanc
Page 147 and 148: 1993, Drtze and Stern 1987, Goldste
Page 149 and 150: Ailken, J., G. Cromwell and C. Wish
Page 151 and 152: Easterly, William and Sergio ReWo.
Page 153 and 154: Paul, Samuel. 1991a. -Accomitabilit
Page 155 and 156: Shirley; Mary and John Nellia 1991.
Page 157 and 158: *:: Appendix: Infrastr cture data T
Page 159 and 160: Piual aolai Ekd rkrilytarnyftig' nz
Page 161 and 162: *TLqdqmrc Main (rsRaiilwad tracks I
Page 163 and 164: *Teplephmein lines Railnnd tmcts rs
Page 165 and 166: Acress to safe drIPAIng zmfer Acem
Page 167 and 168: Table AS3 IBRD and IDA commitments
Page 169 and 170: * ;;\ * i Contents Key 154 Introduc
Page 171: mairking Popzdaliou: hrf htt Total
Page 175 and 176: into the following broad areas: pro
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Page 179 and 180: Pqm&uem Airs GN'perafii -AY an!A Uj
Page 181 and 182: GDP AgmIrflun"y Alatmqjrmd Senrrk.
Page 183 and 184: Disurihhhiuuefgrmd dmndprSarrf 11 G
Page 185 and 186: Frnltioirruapm Food pnafaai fndia $
Page 187 and 188: E-wapro&d-rrm &-VWrvaimdVf Penwifr
Page 189 and 190: Drnbmdnlnfmafaaummtwdwhirdalf%J 197
Page 191 and 192: 73 Ukraine.. ... 74 Algeria ~~~~~-.
Page 193 and 194: Gewmt~ ~ Awgsaagsns 1 1970-80 *fl3)
Page 195 and 196: Aimor GOUANWnk Gniadonmk piomm cama
Page 197 and 198: D!~~me. MasSe limit ~~mar.w-fftw sf
Page 199 and 200: Perauagrq JwL node riseiiv swim na
Page 201 and 202: 19M410 1.931-9 Sm 193 199 I93-92 PM
Page 203 and 204: hfar~uNzr,,~r(udWrnSIAwwunqem-fgmi.
Page 205 and 206: 0hsrpflra Maudhmer& Dinf B21) 1992
Page 207 and 208: P---rAgetrefurerd.ds&rcpans FiEs. n
Page 209 and 210: 73 Ukruin 339 10.3 33.0 3.2 IDA) 43
Page 211 and 212: MD3 599 197f 19 197) 199 ami 1992 i
Page 213 and 214: OECD Net bilatral flows to 1ew4ineo
Page 215 and 216: ~~~~~~~Fcquaa MSraefMIm Par iS&f WV
Page 217 and 218: TowdrreTaRr -- Inc~~t mz2 ]m im mm
Page 219 and 220: Dbimnsuzm pulEIMS) RqrsYWwsefpdnr4u
Page 221 and 222: * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ToAd njinuc Net FDI
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Wpram agwofamdamrsdddirm S of~~~S.f
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Caiwhssu ~~~An iwqr6atwe A-ragromaB
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Tot 1.iS. 1lj9muksud Awiugnwf-guw*
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Cnd&bin CswkdtmuhArifuve rno fjrIUA
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1970 199 1971 POO0 199 1970 1992 1O
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_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ * A~~~~~~~~ifm a
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Luje'ecam=rurabt @vs A&J a(nionrper
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PPPEJrImE4fGNp Tar Is seon N i Fe I
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M%qainl in. Elm arrarein 1992.. 5 %
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ParTr TdecImUmfaIUkdIS Pawr,! at Wa
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Taunt iFemifirnms Fwstr,srsuahmrd.
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E000 *t Technical notes' The main c
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practical and conceptual difficulti
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ties, and any statistical discrepan
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ily workers, they exdude homeworker
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and bxes not allocable to other cat
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derived from shorter-term stays are
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table, goods and services include w
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aise the isk of infant mortaliyand
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Columns 2 thrugh 7 give the shares
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the ICP Phase IV report, World Comp
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mation explicitly excludes decade-l
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t 1 Classfiction orec"onomuies by i
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Part 2 Clssfcation of economies by
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ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

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