Table Al1 Physical measures of infrastructure provision Paint roads EJcriridty- 8Vencnling rawidly Efecaricily prdacirion (kiounefers) CftIwnimds of kilorats) (miltilios oftliloxwtt -ourns) Craenn 1960 1970 1980 1990 1960 19701 1980 21990 19q60 1970 1980 1990 Lowv-income economies I Mozamnbique .. 2152 3,860 4,949 122 355 1,u0 2,358 22 682 4.00 8 2Ethiopia 1,935 11,320 13,198 95 167f 316 393 102r 520 675 906 3 Tanzania .. 32314 3,376 3,506 44 143 251 439 155 479 710 865 4 Serra Leone 401 1,034 .1,201 1,510 21 76 95 126 41 197 235 224 S Nepal 599 1,380l 2045 2.805 10 46 78 277 11 76 213. 739 6 Uganda 1.200 2,218 3.87 2Z416 141 162 163 162 421 775 650 603 7 Bhutan -- - . . . SflBurundi so 365 1I011 7 8 43 .. I I 106 9 Malawi 485 7513 1.905 Z,320 49 106 . .. 145 434 - 10 Bangladesh .. 3,610 423 6,617 .. 990 Z.52 Z... 2653 80356 11iChad .. 3,315 20 378 3 16 38 31 8 421 64 82 12 Cuinea-Bissau . . . .-- - 13 Madagascar 3. 31474 *10,124 10,503 66 90 100 220 107r 246 426 566 14 Lao PDR.. . .. . - - - '- l5 Rwanda 43 78f 405 731 .. 2 39 60 81 163 176. l6ENiger -. 486 2.16721 4)11 3 15 23 63 8 .39 60 163 17 BurLina Faso -. 666 706% 1.3 4 14 38 59 8 27 113 155 18 India 254,446 324,758 623,995 7-59.764 5.580 16.27 332300 73,995 20,123 61,21 119,150 286,M4 19 Kenya - - 2.57T 5.558 6.901 82 174 463 723 " 583 1,490 3.044 2D MaIi 1,596 1795 3002 5,959 1.02 13 27 805 42 2,230 87 4)14 .. 554 57 1.550 110 6,899 214 9.946 21 Nigeria .. ~~~~~~~~1516 22 Nicaragua 620 1,235 1.612 .. 9 17-0 356 395 187 62~7 1.049 1I138 23 Togo 516 1.480 1)133 2 20 35 34 5 .61 76 41 24 Benin . - . 93 1.03 6 1D 1s 15 10 33 5 5 25 CGntml African Republic 0 63 410 486 6 14 30 43 5 47 67 95 26 Pakistan 16.860 24,776 38.03 .86.839 - - 3,51 9,137 - - - 15;277 43,903 27 Ghana .. 4,62 8,05 5.250 103 665 86W 1,187 374 2,92D 5,317 5.444 28 Chin .. . . 24,180 67)100 137,89 58.50 107)30o 300,60 6-1200 29 Taildstan . .. . .. - -. -- . 30 Guinea .. 512 3,636 4.424 IOU10 175- 17,6 -. 385 SW0 518 31lMauritamia .. 6 744 800oo 25 55 105 7-3 102 140 32 Sri Lanka . .. 17,704 . 94 251 422 1.289 302 816 1,668 3,150 .33 Zimbabwve . ,4774 11,788 12.896 .. 1,192 1,192 2.03 . 6,410 4,541 9.558 34 Honduras 110 -844 1,737 2,400 33 89 234 290 91 315 928 1,105 35 Lesotho. -. - 76 53MO-. -- 36 Egypt, Arab Rep. . 11%059 12,68 14,601 1,167 4,357 3.583 11.738 2.639 7,991 16,910 39,545 3/7 Indonesia 10,973 21,073 56,500 116,460 391 907- 2786 11,480 1400 2,300 6,981 44,255 38 Myarmar 6,153 - - - - 250 256 636 1,116 432 600 1,340 2,601 39 SDmalia 8117 4,60 6,199 5 15 30 60 10 28 75 230 40 Sudan .. 332 2~~~~~~~~~~,975 3,419 44 117 3003 50( 4 39 ,0 1,32 41 Yemen,Rep. 533 1,389 Z.360 -.. . 275 .. . . 910 42 Zambia Z.2877 5,576 6,198 .. 1,025 1,728 2,436 .. 949 9,204 7,771 Middle-incomeconomies Lower-middle-income 43 Cbtedvoire 829 1,25 3,15 4.216 32 175 953 14173 67 517 1,743 2.36 44 BoliVia 569 947 1,391 1,769 147 267 489 735 446 787 1,56 1,955 45 Azerbaijan . . - . - .- - . - 46 Philipphine 6,356 1.5,523 27,649 22,23 765 2,176 4.63 6,869 2Z731 8,666 15)132 26,329 47 Armenia- .. .-- .....- - - 48 Suwegl Z-2097 3,445 4)000 56 105 165 231 127 330 539 684. 49 Cameroon - 931 2,496. 3,59 160 179. 339 627 908 1,163 1,452 2Z705 50 K(iqyz Republic -- - -- - - - --. - . - 51 Gcoo*a- . -... - 52 Ulzbekistan..- - . . 53 PapttaNew Gunea .. 211 82 16 69 313 490 57- 191 1,252) 1,790 140
Piual aolai Ekd rkrilytarnyftig' nzpa7g Electriwfpmdud (dli (kilornd as) (tlzonsernds of kAiwtous) (milDms Of AtnntT4zows) Cout rby 1960 197(1- 1980 1990 1960 197 198 7990 1960 1970- 1980 199-0 54 Peru 4,116 4.85 6,299 7,511 541 1.677f 3.192) 4.137 2.656 5529 9.55 13,51 55 Guatemala 1279 2,333 2.850 3.485 83 216 392 696 251 7,59 1.617 2._25 56 Congo .. 378 561 9155 . 32 118 149 .. 76 15.5 398 57 Morocco 17,633 21,058 25,358 29,130 366 582 159 Z366' 1.1012 1,935 4,924 9W62 58 DomiicnRepublic 4,248 5.163 14.126 .. 10 327 97-0 1.447 350 1I3 ,43 5,2 599 Ecuador 7-19 2.910 4,290 632 11$ 304 1.118 1,657 387 949 3.0)0 6.326 *60 Jordan 1.488 2,42 3,950 5,680 - - so 400 1.04 -- 200 1.1,1 3,65 *61 RomWaniV. . . - 1.7779 7,346 16.115 22,479 7.65 35.05 67.5(11 64,307 *62 ElSalvador 984 1-338 1.511 1,719. 74 205 S01 740 250 671 1,543 Z.296 63 Twurkmeistan . . ~ -. - *65 Lithuania.. - -. - .. .... 66 Bulgaria .. .- . . 925 4,117 8.249 11,129 4.657 19,513 34.835 38917 67 Colombia 2.998 5,980 11.950l 10329 911 2,427 5,130 9.40i 3.750 5,651 22,1935 36,001 Jamaica 1,561 WI67 - 142) 4(5 7225 732 508 1,5412 "-45 2,730 Paraguay 25-4 516 1.518 3.00 44 155 338 5,50 96 218 930 Za43 * ~~~~~65 * ~~~~~69 71 Kanicbslan . .- .. . - -- - - . - - * .2 Tunisia .. 6245 9.106 12-7278 17,5909 129 258 928 1,524 316 7,94 2,797 5,537 73Uk-rabie -- - - . . ... 74 Algeria .. 32,963. 38.929 44,191 439 75-0 2.006 4,657- 1.35 1,979 7,123 15,992 * 75 Thailand 2.740 9,656 23,613 39,910 191 1,336 4310 9,722 5994 4,545 15.112 46.150 *76 Paland .- - . - 6,316 13,710 28,110 30,-7( 293017 64,533 121260 136,311 77 Latvia.- -. - -- -- - .-- . .-- 78 SlovuikcRepublic ; - . . . . - - - - - .79 Costa Rica 1,400 2R44 5,680 10_4 46 93 48 8 226 3,609 50 Turkey .. 18.990 35,637 45,52 1,62 2,312 5,719 16,316 2.515 8,624 23,2735 ,4 531 Izm ar.saniclRep. 2Z312 10,484 33,70 .. . 2,197 5.300 17,554 . 6,78 1-7.150 55.997 82 Panama 602 1,531 2,17 2.360 136 347 745 992P 504 1,74t 2,451 2,901 83 Czech Republic *. .. . -. .- -- -- - - - 84 Russian F-ederation.m - -- -- 85 Chile 2.64 7411 9,82 10,983 1.142 2.143 2,940 4.079 4.592 7.531 11,73 15,372 86 Albaia a. . ... . - - 755 194 944t 2,450 3.190 88 Syrian Arab Rep. 2-.95 8,09 13,00 24(118 . 13 30Y1 t112 3,717 368 947 32837 10,601 *Upper-middle-iCDme 89 South Africa .. 33,115 46,634 51.469 . . . - .- - - - go Mauritius .. 1,593 1,63 1,699 68 102 220 313 150 220 438 77u 92 Brazil 12,7(63 31568 8/7,045 161.503 4.800 11233 33,293 52,592 22,86 45,460 139,485 222199 93 Botswwan In2 1,148 2,311 --- - . - - - Malaysia 946 135 2041 7,0 .. 936 2,430 5.037 - 3,543 10,156 2-4.722 95 VenezuI!1b 8,20 17.999 22.879 26295 1,353 3,1772 5,471l 18,647 4,65 12Z707 35,935 60,994 * ~~~~~94 97- Hungary . .. . .. 1,465 2.497 4,642I 6,60 7,617 14,541 -23,873 28.411 98 Uruonay 1,471 6,00 9.7P92 -- 406 560 835 1I68 1.244 2Z200 4.559 737,1 99 MaDdco 25,6567 42,64 66.92 S2.02 3,04 7,318 16,985 29.24 10,82 28,70 66.9550. 122.482, 100 Trinidad and Tobago 4,344 3.984 -. -- 2 334 756 955 470 1.20 2,033 3,450 IOIGC.sbon -- 150 451 609 8 40 175 279 20 97 53 915 102 Argentina 22.7712 33,373 52194 57.25 3,47-4 6,691 11,988 17,128 10,460 21.-30 39,69 50.904 103 Onman -- 10 2.177 . .. 33 3921 1.531 .. 105 957 5.345 .105 Puerto Rico . .. - -- .- - -- - .. 106 KCoea, Rep. 733 3,618 15-,58 34.248 .439 2.764 10.-72 24.05 I.758 9.597 39,979 118,40 107- Greece 9.504t 15.393 22.279 28.87 615 2.458 5.324 8.50 2.277 9,51 2,652 35,00 108 Portugal 17.013 32,424 44,819 60,347 1,35 2,129 4,44 7,38 3,261 7,45 I526 28,528 109 SmudiArabia 3,50 8,652 22,10 - . 316 5,904 18,510 .. 1,060 18,907 '17,404 Olovk continua on thefillmving piseJ 141
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... ..... Oxford University Prss :O
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-: .- : 7 - A- - .~ g ------ Vry. _
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. 6 Setting priorities and implemen
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3.1. Contractual anrangements for p
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Because of changes in GNP per capit
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- - Infrastruckure's roleand record
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Diagnosing the causes of poor perfo
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private sector have evolved. Port f
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tradability of infrastructure servi
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fits. The way ahead is one of 'cont
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Eior - 1 a iX for. - '1~t'*%~ E 6 -
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;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W.:-
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BoxL12 The importance of infrastruc
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and reliability, as well as on quan
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Expansion of transport infrastructu
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Roads are not private goods, althou
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Table 1.3 Expansion of infrastructu
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: ~ ~ 2 A :0::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9 0 0
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pie of Latin American water utiltie
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straint to their mobility (Figure 1
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Box 1.7 Infastiucture activities ti
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* Option A: Public ownership and op
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Lessons of success and failure mana
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-~~~~o 22, -Svrac pa eae layoffs tt
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vices. These concerns are particula
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Management conitracting wHEN is Ir
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- :. : : . - I- ~~*r~ 4.~ accounts
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The best way of reducing the gap be
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the high rates of return for mainte
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l:: :: . - : 0~ ,aSn- ::~~~i /W-#H
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egional gas distributors, and an en
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5 : zFigre3C4mnbndbgl atvitie ices
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Helped in part by sectoral unbundli
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;t~~1F D ¢- l- e as is demnonstrat
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short-mn gain and skimp on routine
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Table 3.2 Value of infrastructure p
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Box 3.6 Telecom piivatizati6ci the
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Box 3.8 Regulation and privatizatio
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private management can become compl
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this chapter shows, where regulator
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transport ministries in Africa is o
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Unlodking local effort through- dec
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Box 4.3 Power in Purang and roads i
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->W>
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way of achieving distributional obj
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are bundled into low-cost loans to
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powerful minorities can capture the
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to this purpose without sacrificing
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found that although households were
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4 I~~~Z Box46 W canbenefitftbm ibut
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I Box. 4.9 Icroaigenviironmental. c
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73 Ukruin 339 10.3 33.0 3.2 IDA) 43
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MD3 599 197f 19 197) 199 ami 1992 i
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OECD Net bilatral flows to 1ew4ineo
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~~~~~~~Fcquaa MSraefMIm Par iS&f WV
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TowdrreTaRr -- Inc~~t mz2 ]m im mm
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Dbimnsuzm pulEIMS) RqrsYWwsefpdnr4u
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* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ToAd njinuc Net FDI
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Wpram agwofamdamrsdddirm S of~~~S.f
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Caiwhssu ~~~An iwqr6atwe A-ragromaB
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Tot 1.iS. 1lj9muksud Awiugnwf-guw*
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Cnd&bin CswkdtmuhArifuve rno fjrIUA
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1970 199 1971 POO0 199 1970 1992 1O
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Luje'ecam=rurabt @vs A&J a(nionrper
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PPPEJrImE4fGNp Tar Is seon N i Fe I
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M%qainl in. Elm arrarein 1992.. 5 %
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ParTr TdecImUmfaIUkdIS Pawr,! at Wa
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Taunt iFemifirnms Fwstr,srsuahmrd.
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E000 *t Technical notes' The main c
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practical and conceptual difficulti
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ties, and any statistical discrepan
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ily workers, they exdude homeworker
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and bxes not allocable to other cat
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derived from shorter-term stays are
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table, goods and services include w
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aise the isk of infant mortaliyand
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Columns 2 thrugh 7 give the shares
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the ICP Phase IV report, World Comp
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mation explicitly excludes decade-l
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t 1 Classfiction orec"onomuies by i
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Part 2 Clssfcation of economies by