ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

ily workers, they exdude homeworkers. The data ment income, interest, and labor income, is exrefer
to the average number of employees working duded. Current transfers are also excluded.
during the year .
The nsoterce balaitce is the difference between ex-
'Value added" is defined as the current value of ports of goods and nonfactor services and imports
gross output less the current cost of (a) materials, of goods and nonfactor services.
fuels, and other supplies consumed; (b) contract and Partially rebased 1987 series in constant domestic
commission work done by others; (c) repair and currency units are used to compute the indicators in
maintenance worlk done by others; and (d) goods Table 8. Distribution of GDP in Table 9 is calculated
shipped in the same condition as received.
from national accounts series in current domestic
The value of gross output is estimated on the currency units.
basis of either production or shipments. On the pro- The summary measures are calculated by the
duction basis it consists. of (a) the value of all prod- method explained in the note for Tables 2 and 3.
ucts of the establishment (b) the value of industrial
services rendered to others; (c) the value of goods Table 10. Central government expenditure
shipped in the same condition as received; (d) the
value of electricity sold; and (e) the net change in The data on central government finance in Tables 10
the value of work-in-progress betwveen the begin- and 11 are from the IMF, Govenament Finance Stallsning
and the end of the reference perod. In the case tics Yearbook (1993), and IMF data files. The accounts
of estimates compiled on a shipment-basis, the net of each country are reported using the system of
change between the begnning and the end of the common definitions and classifications found m
reference period in the value of stocks of finished IMF, A Muanl on Government Finance Statistics
goods is also indluded. (1986).
For complete and authoritative explanations of
Tables 8 and 9. Growth of consumption and
concepts, definitions, and data sources, see these
investnent;structure of demand
.IMF sources. The commentary that follows is intended
mainly to place these data in the context of
GDP is defined in the note for Tables 2 and 3, but the broad range of indicators reported in this edition.
here its in purchaser values.
The shares of total expendituire and current rev-
Generul governmnt consumption includes all cur- enue by category are cakulated from series in narent
expenditure for purchases of goods and ser- tional currencies Because of differences in coverage
vices by all levels of government Capital expendi- of available data, the individual components of centure
on national defense and securty is regaided as tal government expenditure and current revenue
conysumption expenditure'-
shown in these tables may not be strictly compara-
Private constwnptioni, etc. is the market value of all ble across all economies.
goods and services, including durable products Moreover, inadequate statistical coverage 6f
(such as cars, washing machines, and home com- state, provincial, and local govermments dictates the
-puters) purhased or received as income in kind by use of central government data; this may seriously
households and nonprofit institutions. It exdudes understate or distort the statistical portrayal of the
purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent allocation of resources for various purposes, espe-
-for owner-occupied dwellings. In practice, it in- cially in countries where lower levels of govemdludes
any statistical discrepancy in the use of re- ment have considerable autonomy and are responsources.
At constant prices, it also indudes the sible for many economic and social services. In
rescaling deviation from partial rebasin& which is addition, "central government" can mean either of
-explained-at the beginning of the technical notes. two accounting concepts: consolidated or bud-
Gross domestic invetment consists of outlays on getary. For most countries, central government fiadditions
to the fixed assets of the economy plus net nance data have been. consolidated into one overall
-changes in the ievel of inventories.
account, but for others only the budgetary central
Gross donestic savings are calculated by deducting government accounts are available. Since budgetary
total consumption from GDP.
accounts do not always include all centrl govern-
Export of goods and wonfactor services represent the ment units, the overall picture of central govemvalue
of all goods and nonfactor services provided ment activities is usually incomplete. Countries reto
the rest of the world, they include merchandise, porting budgetary data are footnoted-
.feight, insurance, travel, and other nonfactor ser- Consequently, the data presented, especially
vices. The value of factor services, such as invest- those for education and health, are not comparable
235