ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

More documents

Recommendations

Info

:-*- ~ -- " - -.. -p3 : t-t , :S rrign#3[ 4 ~tricture1isepne rnedula eetdcds : k .* ~~Z§ 217r?s 2 5W -6 2 h wAivexrateof g4rowh(erent)'m es5 - ~ .1 - _pandodrir'tke4O tcn 10'eSi '-: .Ca :p:oductin * .'-- -. o &--t -,-4 t *S''~~~~5- Odde-b-oecTwleo :s eanitationa X"? - 2';fi,'y-n, ardpcyweda: offshad sfouialeatuoportkandesanttospin)eesadhvehnmsinaddsnbto i 2 ' _;'r ~~~~5- --- '-~ ~~~~~~~~~ : 'ro" that provoide seioces they value s and an afford. P losses two to four times greater. Port failities in de- *miature dnestments m capacty-especily i velopig countnes, on average, move aogo fnte water supply, railways, pcower, ports, and irrnga- ship to shore at only 40 percent the speed of the tion-have oftern absorbed resources that could oth- most efficient ports. Labor misallocations present erwise have bee devoted to maintenance, modemn another source of ineffidiencv . Overstafing is far too ization, or.improvements in service quality. Because -con-unon in many activities, especially railways, many infrastrucdtre investments are immobile and -while others, such as roid matenance, warrant s;erve local markets, excess capacity cannot serve greater useof labor-based - methods - other markets tand it remains underused. In some These faindngs hv tnvestment and operiting efficases, large public projects have been overambi- loenss are not compensated for by success in adtious, plaing acsmtly burden on the economy. dressing povuris or engironental concergs-for Wate spl raiway powet. ports,and ri- shere, too, the iniy4struc0pe record isweak. Badly sourc- that ofuld be used for delivering infrasttuc- odesigned and managed inf.rastructure is a mapr ture services. A review of power uncties in fifmy-one source of envirorfnental degradation in both urban developing o ountries showed that tchnicalu eff- and rural aieas. The poor often consume fewer inciency has actua declined iy over the past twenty faastructure services and pay ghere pnces tran do years. Olderpower plants consumenbetween 8 and the nonpoor. For eiample, households obtaining- 44 percent moe fubl otlowatt-hour per ovean do water fnom vendos pay mucfh more than those plants in pacwer sydtems operating at best-practice households connected to water systems tn most - ~~~~~~5-
Diagnosing the causes of poor performance flgure4jlrbmnpo - accestt-ok tiahoslifavebetter w The problems of insufficent maintenance, misallofc:l 9iu .- 9- cated investment, unresponsiveness to users, and tm~~~ ~~ ______________________________ te~chnical inefficiencies present daunting challenges for future reforms-challenges compounded by : s &st' ?~o - new demands and constrained resources The solutions lie in the successes and failures of policy and ~~~~aoo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~i telessons fr-om recent pohicy experiments. g _ s.ix- -- M.=ilThere is great variation both within and across - countries - . S -; in - the efficiencv of providing infrastrucmtue services. Moreover, good performance by a .~ _ 1> = Z
Page 1 and 2: 3jQi'[~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ I -:A -
Page 3 and 4: ... ..... Oxford University Prss :O
Page 5 and 6: -: .- : 7 - A- - .~ g ------ Vry. _
Page 7 and 8: . 6 Setting priorities and implemen
Page 9 and 10: 3.1. Contractual anrangements for p
Page 11 and 12: Because of changes in GNP per capit
Page 13 and 14: - - Infrastruckure's roleand record
Page 15: L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C- l' __
Page 19 and 20: private sector have evolved. Port f
Page 21 and 22: tradability of infrastructure servi
Page 23 and 24: fits. The way ahead is one of 'cont
Page 25 and 26: Eior - 1 a iX for. - '1~t'*%~ E 6 -
Page 27 and 28: ;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W.:-
Page 29 and 30: BoxL12 The importance of infrastruc
Page 31 and 32: and reliability, as well as on quan
Page 33 and 34: Expansion of transport infrastructu
Page 35 and 36: Roads are not private goods, althou
Page 37 and 38: Table 1.3 Expansion of infrastructu
Page 39 and 40: : ~ ~ 2 A :0::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9 0 0
Page 41 and 42: pie of Latin American water utiltie
Page 43 and 44: straint to their mobility (Figure 1
Page 45 and 46: Box 1.7 Infastiucture activities ti
Page 47 and 48: * Option A: Public ownership and op
Page 49 and 50: Lessons of success and failure mana
Page 51 and 52: -~~~~o 22, -Svrac pa eae layoffs tt
Page 53 and 54: vices. These concerns are particula
Page 55 and 56: Management conitracting wHEN is Ir
Page 57 and 58: - :. : : . - I- ~~*r~ 4.~ accounts
Page 59 and 60: The best way of reducing the gap be
Page 61 and 62: the high rates of return for mainte
Page 63 and 64: l:: :: . - : 0~ ,aSn- ::~~~i /W-#H
Page 65 and 66: egional gas distributors, and an en
Page 67 and 68:
5 : zFigre3C4mnbndbgl atvitie ices
Page 69 and 70:
Helped in part by sectoral unbundli
Page 71 and 72:
;t~~1F D ¢- l- e as is demnonstrat
Page 73 and 74:
short-mn gain and skimp on routine
Page 75 and 76:
Table 3.2 Value of infrastructure p
Page 77 and 78:
Box 3.6 Telecom piivatizati6ci the
Page 79 and 80:
Box 3.8 Regulation and privatizatio
Page 81 and 82:
private management can become compl
Page 83 and 84:
this chapter shows, where regulator
Page 85 and 86:
transport ministries in Africa is o
Page 87 and 88:
Unlodking local effort through- dec
Page 89 and 90:
Box 4.3 Power in Purang and roads i
Page 91 and 92:
->W>
Page 93 and 94:
way of achieving distributional obj
Page 95 and 96:
are bundled into low-cost loans to
Page 97 and 98:
powerful minorities can capture the
Page 99 and 100:
to this purpose without sacrificing
Page 101 and 102:
found that although households were
Page 103 and 104:
4 I~~~Z Box46 W canbenefitftbm ibut
Page 105 and 106:
I Box. 4.9 Icroaigenviironmental. c
Page 107 and 108:
. ............ --S - Financigneeded
Page 109 and 110:
Box 5.1 Is there a free lunch?-limi
Page 111 and 112:
Box 52 Tapping international capita
Page 113 and 114:
1~~~~D Clt ,-,.Re -b cope an tie 0
Page 115 and 116:
V Box 5A A successfl-firtt step in
Page 117 and 118:
change risk through the passing on
Page 119 and 120:
Box 5.8 Look before you leap: limit
Page 121 and 122:
poor financial discipline, and subs
Page 123 and 124:
'sv,t-za6oapioceeds (billions of VS
Page 125 and 126:
-~ f4' * ; ylkj XtLSidolkits.(1. -~
Page 127 and 128:
.*,mmr ''', '- ' f - .,__ -, 6.. -.
Page 129 and 130:
Box 6.1 Ingedientr. of good peromne
Page 131 and 132:
government and e strength of the co
Page 133 and 134:
= -ableb 6.Te tspbrhivaof jrnte' sc
Page 135 and 136:
elements of natural monopoly and mu
Page 137 and 138:
solid waste disposal through metrop
Page 139 and 140:
portant that uinstituitional activi
Page 141 and 142:
V-~~~~~~ : ~~~~ :: . = .-s Bibliogr
Page 143 and 144:
on. grwh once more sophisticated ec
Page 145 and 146:
structure and explain the importanc
Page 147 and 148:
1993, Drtze and Stern 1987, Goldste
Page 149 and 150:
Ailken, J., G. Cromwell and C. Wish
Page 151 and 152:
Easterly, William and Sergio ReWo.
Page 153 and 154:
Paul, Samuel. 1991a. -Accomitabilit
Page 155 and 156:
Shirley; Mary and John Nellia 1991.
Page 157 and 158:
*:: Appendix: Infrastr cture data T
Page 159 and 160:
Piual aolai Ekd rkrilytarnyftig' nz
Page 161 and 162:
*TLqdqmrc Main (rsRaiilwad tracks I
Page 163 and 164:
*Teplephmein lines Railnnd tmcts rs
Page 165 and 166:
Acress to safe drIPAIng zmfer Acem
Page 167 and 168:
Table AS3 IBRD and IDA commitments
Page 169 and 170:
* ;;\ * i Contents Key 154 Introduc
Page 171 and 172:
mairking Popzdaliou: hrf htt Total
Page 173 and 174:
.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~I .- In
Page 175 and 176:
into the following broad areas: pro
Page 177 and 178:
: - .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 179 and 180:
Pqm&uem Airs GN'perafii -AY an!A Uj
Page 181 and 182:
GDP AgmIrflun"y Alatmqjrmd Senrrk.
Page 183 and 184:
Disurihhhiuuefgrmd dmndprSarrf 11 G
Page 185 and 186:
Frnltioirruapm Food pnafaai fndia $
Page 187 and 188:
E-wapro&d-rrm &-VWrvaimdVf Penwifr
Page 189 and 190:
Drnbmdnlnfmafaaummtwdwhirdalf%J 197
Page 191 and 192:
73 Ukraine.. ... 74 Algeria ~~~~~-.
Page 193 and 194:
Gewmt~ ~ Awgsaagsns 1 1970-80 *fl3)
Page 195 and 196:
Aimor GOUANWnk Gniadonmk piomm cama
Page 197 and 198:
D!~~me. MasSe limit ~~mar.w-fftw sf
Page 199 and 200:
Perauagrq JwL node riseiiv swim na
Page 201 and 202:
19M410 1.931-9 Sm 193 199 I93-92 PM
Page 203 and 204:
hfar~uNzr,,~r(udWrnSIAwwunqem-fgmi.
Page 205 and 206:
0hsrpflra Maudhmer& Dinf B21) 1992
Page 207 and 208:
P---rAgetrefurerd.ds&rcpans FiEs. n
Page 209 and 210:
73 Ukruin 339 10.3 33.0 3.2 IDA) 43
Page 211 and 212:
MD3 599 197f 19 197) 199 ami 1992 i
Page 213 and 214:
OECD Net bilatral flows to 1ew4ineo
Page 215 and 216:
~~~~~~~Fcquaa MSraefMIm Par iS&f WV
Page 217 and 218:
TowdrreTaRr -- Inc~~t mz2 ]m im mm
Page 219 and 220:
Dbimnsuzm pulEIMS) RqrsYWwsefpdnr4u
Page 221 and 222:
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ToAd njinuc Net FDI
Page 223 and 224:
Wpram agwofamdamrsdddirm S of~~~S.f
Page 225 and 226:
Caiwhssu ~~~An iwqr6atwe A-ragromaB
Page 227 and 228:
Tot 1.iS. 1lj9muksud Awiugnwf-guw*
Page 229 and 230:
Cnd&bin CswkdtmuhArifuve rno fjrIUA
Page 231 and 232:
1970 199 1971 POO0 199 1970 1992 1O
Page 233 and 234:
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ * A~~~~~~~~ifm a
Page 235 and 236:
Luje'ecam=rurabt @vs A&J a(nionrper
Page 237 and 238:
PPPEJrImE4fGNp Tar Is seon N i Fe I
Page 239 and 240:
M%qainl in. Elm arrarein 1992.. 5 %
Page 241 and 242:
ParTr TdecImUmfaIUkdIS Pawr,! at Wa
Page 243 and 244:
Taunt iFemifirnms Fwstr,srsuahmrd.
Page 245 and 246:
E000 *t Technical notes' The main c
Page 247 and 248:
practical and conceptual difficulti
Page 249 and 250:
ties, and any statistical discrepan
Page 251 and 252:
ily workers, they exdude homeworker
Page 253 and 254:
and bxes not allocable to other cat
Page 255 and 256:
derived from shorter-term stays are
Page 257 and 258:
table, goods and services include w
Page 259 and 260:
aise the isk of infant mortaliyand
Page 261 and 262:
Columns 2 thrugh 7 give the shares
Page 263 and 264:
the ICP Phase IV report, World Comp
Page 265 and 266:
mation explicitly excludes decade-l
Page 267 and 268:
t 1 Classfiction orec"onomuies by i
Page 269 and 270:
Part 2 Clssfcation of economies by
show all

ASi" kUCTURE FlOR DEVELOPMENT

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?