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100 Michael Hornsby most of Europe) the lower echelons of Maslow’s pyramid are stable, 1 people are able to address the higher needs once again. It is perhaps regrettable that for many language communities, the demographics and the vitality of the languages in question are not what they once were. But that they have a presence at all is, by many measures, quite remarkable. The presence of Yiddish as a comic language, though highly symbolic and restricted, is still a presence, one that is not afforded to many other endangered languages. It raises the prestige of the language, albeit in a limited fashion and more importantly, it reminds people that the language is still around and has not disappeared quite yet. References Abley, Mark 2005 /2003/: Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages. Boston, New York: A Mariner Book. Houghton Mifflin Company. Austin, Peter K., Andrew Simpson (eds.) 2007: Endangered Languages. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag (Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft 14). Beer, Helen 2009: Yiddish without Yiddish? European Judaism 42 (2), 10–18. Birnbaum, Solomon A. 1979: Yiddish: A Survey and a Grammar. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Brenzinger, Matthias 2007: Language endangerment throughout the world. In: Matthias Brenzinger (ed.) 2007: Language Diversity Endangered. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 181), ix–xvi. Brook, Vincent 2003. Something Ain’t Kosher Here: The Rise of the ‘Jewish’ Sitcom. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Broudic, Fañch 2009: Parler breton au XXIe siècle. Le nouveau sondage de TMO Régions. Brest: Emgleo Breiz. Crystal, David 2000: Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dalby, Andrew 2002: Language in Danger: How Language Loss Threatens Our Future. Allen Lane: The Penguin Press. Drysdale, Helena 2001: Mother Tongues: Travels Through Tribal Europe. London: Picador. Eisenberg, Robert 1996: Boychiks in the Hood: Travels in the Hasidic Underground. New York: HarperCollins. Fader, Ayala 2009: Mitzvah Girls: Bringing Up the Next Generation of Hasidic Jews in Brooklyn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 1 The fundamental five-stage model, including: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and selfactualization needs, was presented by Maslow (1943) in his article “A theory of human motivation” of 1943 and then repeted in his book Motivation and Personality of 1954. However, in the second edition, which appeared after Maslow death in 1970, two other higher order needs had been added, the cognitive and aesthetic needs. In fact, these sixth and seventh types of needs have to be considered rather as value-oriented since they depend on subjective choices. Assuming that the cognitive needs imply the motivation how to acquire and systematize the knowledge of the surrounding world, they coincide with the safety and selfactualization needs. As far as the aesthetic needs are concerned, their close relation to culture is evident with respect to the need for order, structure, symmetry, and the like (cf. Maslow 1987 /1954/: 25–27) – the editor’s note: ZW.
A posthumous life for Yiddish? The presence of Yiddish in American comedy 101 Fishman, Joshua A. 2001: Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Fought, Carmen 2006: Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Grenoble, Lenore A., Lindsay J. Whaley 2006: Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Harrison, K. David 2007: When Languages Die: The Extinction of the World’s Languages and the Erosion of Human Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Heller, Monica 2002: Éléments d’une sociolinguistique critique. Paris: Éditions Didier (Collection Langues et Apprentissage des Langues). Karlen, Neal 2008: The Story of Yiddish – How A Mish-Mosh of Languages Saved the Jews. New York: William Morrow & Co. Katz, Dovid 2004: Words on Fire: The Unfinished Story of Yiddish. New York: Basic Books. Libo, Kenneth 2007: From Yiddish to English: The humor of it all. Midstream 53 (4), 9–11. Maslow, Abraham H(arold) 1970 /1954/: Motivation and Personality. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Harper & Row /Harper & Bros/. Maslow, Abraham H(arold). 1987 /1954/: Motivation and Personality. With new material by Ruth Cox and Robert Frager. 3rd ed. rev. by Robert Frager et al. New York, NY: Harper & Row. Maslow, Abraham Harold 1943: A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50, 370–369. Nettle, Daniel, Suzanne Romaine 2000: Vanishing Voices: The Extinction of the Worldʹs Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Princeton University Press. Shandler, Jefrrey 2006: Adventures in Yiddishland: Postvernacular Language and Culture. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. Websites consulted 2000 USA census. In: www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html) ED 09/2011 Council of Europe. In: http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc96/EDOC7489.htm ED 09/2011. Diplo Governance Internet Community. In: www.diplointernetgovernance.org/profiles/blogs/amaslow-internet-governance) ED 09/2011. Ethnologue. In: www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ydd) ED 09/2011. Factfinder Census 2006: In: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=D&- ds_name=D&-_lang=en&-mt_name=ACS_2006_EST_G2000_B16001) ED 09/2011. Jidysz.net. In: http://jidysz.net/) ED 09/2011. Modern Language Association 2005: In: www.mla.org/cgishl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results ED 09/2011. Shyovitz, David. The History and Development of Yiddish. Jewish Virtual Library. A Division of the American Israeli Enterprise. In: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/yiddish.html ED 09/2011. Talmud. Yona 22b In: www.halakhah.com/pdf/moed/Yoma.pdf) ED 09/2011 Matras, Yaron 2010: Archive of Endangered and Smaller Languages. In: http://languagecontact.- humanities.-manchester.ac.uk/ELA/languages/Yiddish.html ED 09/2011.
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Languages in Contact 2011
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Zdzisław Wąsik Piotr P. Chruszcze
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Table of contents ELŻBIETA ADAMCZY
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ELŻBIETA ADAMCZYK ADAM MICKIEWICZ
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On the fate of the s-stems in West
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28 Andrei A. Avram sopp’s Diction
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30 Andrei A. Avram [23] bubby ‘wo
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32 Andrei A. Avram cattar 1881 (Win
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34 Andrei A. Avram wha make dem no
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36 Andrei A. Avram me takee 1802 (W
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38 Andrei A. Avram [139] say (compl
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40 Andrei A. Avram Table 4. The per
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42 Andrei A. Avram reclassified as
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44 Andrei A. Avram Schneider, Edgar
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46 Gabriela Brozbă most likely to
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48 Gabriela Brozbă whereas a schwa
Page 52 and 53: 50 Gabriela Brozbă can be seen in
Page 54 and 55: 52 Gabriela Brozbă The data provid
Page 56 and 57: 54 Gabriela Brozbă Rooy and Van Hu
Page 58 and 59: 56 Gabriela Brozbă phonemes. Two a
Page 60 and 61: 58 Gabriela Brozbă These monophtho
Page 62 and 63: 60 Gabriela Brozbă References Boer
Page 64 and 65: 62 Zuzanna Bułat Silva tions on le
Page 66 and 67: 64 Zuzanna Bułat Silva 3. The lexe
Page 68 and 69: 66 Zuzanna Bułat Silva your pain a
Page 70 and 71: 68 Zuzanna Bułat Silva 4.3. Dolor
Page 72 and 73: 70 Zuzanna Bułat Silva Dolor as in
Page 75 and 76: DOROTA BUSZYŃSKA UNIVERSITY OF WRO
Page 77 and 78: Laughing at or with? Humor as no la
Page 93 and 94: MICHAEL HORNSBY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Page 95 and 96: A posthumous life for Yiddish? The
Page 101: A posthumous life for Yiddish? The
Page 106 and 107: 104 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen re
Page 108 and 109: 106 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen [2
Page 110 and 111: 108 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen pr
Page 112 and 113: 110 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen 3.
Page 114 and 115: 112 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen Ta
Page 116 and 117: 114 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen So
Page 118 and 119: 116 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen or
Page 120 and 121: 118 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen Ha
Page 122 and 123: 120 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup persi
Page 124 and 125: 122 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup nally
Page 126 and 127: 124 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup When
Page 128 and 129: 126 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup of th
Page 130 and 131: 128 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup w pew
Page 132 and 133: 130 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup ings,
Page 134 and 135: 132 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup Kierz
Page 137 and 138: RHIDIAN JONES CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY O
Page 139 and 140: Welsh language - survival against t
Page 145 and 146: RICHARD L. LANIGAN INTERNATIONAL CO
Page 147 and 148: The Japanese encounter with Navajo
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The Japanese encounter with Navajo
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ELŻBIETA MAŃCZAK-WOHLFELD JAGIELL
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The status of English lexis in the
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178 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska the
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180 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska tifi
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182 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska cate
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184 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska 4.2.
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186 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska Howe
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188 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska desp
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DENISE SCHMANDT-BESSERAT THE UNIVER
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Numeracy before literacy 193 bread,
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Numeracy before literacy 195 tricat
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Numeracy before literacy 197 cordin
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Numeracy before literacy 199 one-to
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AGNIESZKA STĘPKOWSKA POZNAŃ COLLE
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Language shift in the Raeto-Romansh
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ALEKSANDER SZWEDEK SPOŁECZNA AKADE
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More evidence on the primacy of the
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226 Alicja Witalisz such as, for ex
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228 Alicja Witalisz that a category
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230 Alicja Witalisz Taking into acc
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232 Alicja Witalisz 3.2. Semantic r
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234 Alicja Witalisz 5. Conclusion a
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KAMILA BINIEK KARKONOSZE STATE HIGH
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Etymological research on the source
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