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English-Polish language contact in the translation of EU law 127
przetransponować. Ewa Łozińska-Małkiewicz, Joanna Małkiewicz (2005) define
the word “transpose” as przenieść do prawa krajowego, przeniesiony, “directive
must be transposed” – dyrektywa winna zostać wprowadzona do prawa
krajowego, “regulations transposing the directive into national law – przepisy
transponujące dyrektywę do prawa wewnętrznego. Thus, best equivalents to the
word “transpose” in the legal contexts are transponować or przenieść do prawa
krajowego.
The notion of faux-amis can be documented in many instances. The first
example note consideration is the word arbitrary used in the phrase arbitrary
discrimination in a sentence “The Commission shall, within six months of the
notifications as referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5, approve or reject the national
provisions involved after having verified whether or not they are a means of
arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member
States and whether or not they shall constitute an obstacle to the functioning of
the internal market” (art. 114.6, Consolidated versions of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union). The word “arbitrary” refers to something
that is unfounded, unfair or unjustified. In other words, “arbitrary discrimination”
has no grounds and is done prematurely without any consultation: “decided
or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly, e.g., arbitrary law,
punishment – happening or decided by chance rather than a plan” (Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English). In the Polish language, there exists the
same word arbitralny of Latin etymology that has a different meaning, the English
equivalent of which shall rather be close to the word “dictatorial” or “despotic”
in such collocations as “dictatorial decision” or “dictatorial emperor”.
The Polish meaning of the word arbitralny is ‘niedopuszczający sprzeciwu –
arbitralne decyzje, arbitralny ton, arbitralne rozstrzygnięcie; narzucający komuś
swoje zdanie, apodyktyczny, nieznoszący sprzeciwu’ (Uniwersalny Słownik
Języka Polskiego). The equivalent of the mentioned above phrase in this context
can be samowolna dyskryminacja that would directly relate to the English
meaning. The same translation to this term is suggested by Łozińska-
Małkiewicz & Małkiewicz (2005). In Jaślan’ dictionary (2005) one can find
more collocations with the word arbitrary such as “arbitrary act” – czyn samowolny,
“arbitrary behavior” – samowola, “arbitrary rejection” – samowolne
odrzucenie.
The next example is taken from the opening lines of the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union. In Article 1 the word “organizes” from a sentence
“This Treaty organises the functioning of the Union and determines the
areas of, delimitation of, and arrangements for exercising its competences” was
replaced by the Polish organizuje funkcjonowanie Unii i określa dziedziny,
granice i warunki wykonywania jej kompetencji”. Uniwersalny Słownik Języka
Polskiego explains the meaning of the word organizować as ‘układać coś