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ings, courses, sport and military (Słownik Wyrazów Obcych), and is always used
in a phrase instructor czegoś (Słownik Poprawnej Polszczyzny). The English
word “instructor” is “a person who teaches something”, the Polish equivalent of
which is the word instruktor, nauczyciel, wykładowca. In the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, in the article 166 considering vocational
training the phrase “mobility of instructors and trainees” was translated as mobilności
instruktorów i kształcących się. The same phenomenon takes place in
English; a good example from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union is the phrase used in the protocol section, article 20 “point of law” in
a sentence “Where it considers that the case raises no new point of law, the
Court may decide, after hearing the Advocate-General, that the case shall be
determined without a submission from the Advocate-General”. In the Polish
version, it is translated as nowe zagadnienie prawne. However, the phrase can
also be translated as kwestia prawna (Słownik Prawniczy Polsko-Angielski
1986, Pieńkoś 2002, Łozińska-Małkiewicz & Małkiewicz 2005). Kwestia
prawna and synonymous zagadnienie prawne in the dictionaries mentioned is
also translated as “issue of law”, “legal issue”, “question of law”, “legal question”.
It is very confusing with another term, pytanie prawne that stands for the
question that basic goal is to get the answer pertaining to some legal issue, it is
the question about the law rather than the fact (Wilbrandt-Gotowicz 2010: 23–24).
Wilbrandt-Gotowicz states in her monograph that the meaning of this term is
very often problematic and not well specified. In the dictionaries, the term pytanie
prawne is translated as question on a point of law (Pieńkoś 2002; Słownik
Prawniczy Polsko-Angielski 1986) and as “juridicial question” in Pieńkoś (2002).
Another tendency more and more visible in English-Polish language contact
is the overuse of certain English expressions that can be replaced by other lexical
items, not necessarily calqued from English. Even so, many common language
users and translators prefer to transmit the English word to the Polish
language. For instance, the words specific or specyficzny in a phrase “a problem
specific to that Member State” – “specyficzny problem tego Państwa” (art.
114.5, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), “adopt specific
measures” – przyjmuje specyficzne środki” (art. 349, the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union), “specific provisions” – specyficznych postanowień
(art. 204, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). The word
“specific” can be translated as wlaściwy dla or określony rather than specyficzny
that denotes something unusual, peculiar for a certain thing as in such examples
like specyficzna atmosfera, specyficzny smak, specyficzny character.