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Alicja Witalisz
5. Conclusion and suggestions for further research
English loan translations constitute a growing category of borrowings in
contemporary Polish. In this case, the borrowing method is translation rather
than morphemic importation, which seems an easier option for multiword compound
expressions. Also, set expressions formed of native linguistic material,
even if at first semantically unclear, do not frighten an average user of Polish
with their foreignness and are more easily accepted by Poles with little knowledge
of English. Rendering foreign expressions by means of native vocabulary
seems a successful method for filling lexical gaps in the lexicon of Polish.
More research needs to be carried out in the area of loan translations. Related
to the issues discussed above is the question of the stages of the institutionalization
of loan translations and renditions in the receiving language, such
as morpho-semantic innovation (taking over the foreign pattern); formal institutionalization
(formal neologism) and semanticization (semantic neologism)
(Traugott & Dasher 2005), and finally lexicalization (well-established lexeme)
(Bauer 1983). It would also be interesting to carry out a cross-linguistic study
incorporating samples of English phraseological calques in other European languages
to see how various languages render the same foreign concept using
either the processes of importation or substitution of English linguistic material.
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