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The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages 31
Something chook for my kin 1827 (Winer 1993: 78)
‘Something stabbed my skin’
[59] for VERB (modal)*
Judge Scatl_d say dey for keep you in prisonment 1843 (Winer 1993: 83)
‘Judge Scatl_d said they must keep you in prison’
[60] for true ‘truly’:
for true 1827 (Winer 2009: 359)
[61] fufu (starch food, boiled and pounded):
fufu 1974 (Winer 2009: 368)
[62] fullup ‘fill, be-full’:
full up 1940 (Winer 2009: 368)
[64] funji ‘corn meal’:
funge 1974 (Winer 2009: 369)
[65] goatmouth ‘a Cassandra’:
goat mout 1827 (Winer 1993: 78)
Goat’s Mouth 1827 (Winer 2009: 385)
[66] gongosha ‘deceit; gossip’:
conconsa 1945 (Winer 2009: 238)
[68] heart burn ‘be angry’*
You heart burn 1827 (Winer 1993: 78)
‘You’re angry’
[71] hungry ‘hunger, starvation’:
Dog ha two massar, but hungry kill he 1883 (Winer and Gilbert 1987: 256)
‘A dog that has two masters will die of hunger’
[72] ina, na (locative preposition):
go n’a house 1827 (Winer 1993: 79)
‘[I] went into the house’
[73] Irish potato ‘potato’:
Irish potato 1917 (Winer 2009: 453)
[75] jackspaniard ‘wasp’:
jack-spaniard 1825/1826 (Carmichael 1833, Vol. 2: 330)
[76] john crow (bird sp.):
Johnny crow 1888 (Winer 2009: 470)
[77] jook ‘pierce, stab etc.’:
chook 1827 (Winer 2009: 471)
[79] jumbee ‘malevolent spirit, zombie’:
Jumbee-bird 1827 (Winer 1993: 79)
[81] k/g palatalized before /a/: 1939
a cyap with the ears turn down 1939 (Winer 1993: 264)
‘a cap with the ears turned down’
Gyal, you too rough 1939 (Winer 1993: 261)
‘Girl, you’re too rough’
[82] kaanki (corn dish):
conkee 1974 (Winer 2009: 241)
[83] kaban/cabin ‘bed’:
caban 1800 (Winer 2009: 150)
[84] kaka ‘shit, excrement’:
caca 1933 (Winer 2009: 482)
[86] kasada ‘cassava’:
casada 1802 (Winer 2009: 179)
[87] kata ‘head-pad’: