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118 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen Haspelmath, Martin 1999: External possession in a European areal perspective. In: Doris L Payne, Immanuel Barshi (eds.) 1999: External Possession. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Knightly, Leah M., Sun-Ah Jun, Janet S. Oh, Terry Kit-fong Au 2003: Production benefits of childhood overhearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114 (1), 465. Matras, Yaron 2009: Language Contact. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Montrul, Silvina 2004: The Acquisition of Spanish : Morphosyntactic Development in Monolingual and Bilingual L1 Acquisition and Adult L2 Acquisition. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Montrul, Silvina 2010: How similar are adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers? Spanish clitics and word order. Applied Psycholinguistics 31 (1), 167. Montrul, Silvina, Francisco Ordóñez (eds.) 2003: Linguistic Theory and Language Development in Hispanic Languages. Somerville: Cascadilla Press Montrul, Silvina, Melissa Bowles 2009: Back to basics: Incomplete knowledge of differential object marking in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12 (03), 363. Montrul, Silvina, Melissa Bowles 2010: Is grammar instruction beneficial for heritage language learners? Dative case marking in Spanish. The Heritage Language Journal 7 (1), 47–73. Muysken, Pieter 2010: Scenarios for language contact. In: Raymond Hickey (ed.) 2010: The Handbook of Language Contact. Malden, MA et al.: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics), 263–281. Otheguy, Ricardo, Ana Cella Zentella, David Livert 2007: Language and dialect contact in Spanish in New York: Toward the formation of a speech community. Language 83 (4), 770–802. Reglero, Lara, Emma Ticio 2003: The acquisition of clitics in child Spanish. In: Montrul & Ordóñez (eds.), 297–316. Silva-Corvalán, Carmen 1993: On the permeability of grammars: Evidence from Spanish and English contact. In: William J Ashby, Marianne Mithun, Giorgio Perissinotto, Eduardo Raposo (eds.) 1993: Linguistic Perspectives on the Romance Languages. Selected papers from the XXI Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, Santa Barbara, February 21–24, 1991. Amsterdam, Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. General editor E(rnst F(riderik) Konrad Koerner. Series IV: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Volume 103), 19–43. Silva-Corvalán, Carmen 1994: Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 255–272. Silva-Corvalán, Carmen 2008: The limits of convergence in language contact. Journal of Language Contact, 2 (1), 213–224. Sorace, Antonella 2004: Native language attrition and developmental instability at the syntaxdiscourse interface: Data, interpretations and methods. Bilingualism Language and Cognition 7 (2), 143–146. Thomason, Sarah Grey, Terrence Kaufman 1988: Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline, Carlos Nye 2006: Restructuring of reverse psychological predicates. In: Jean-Pierre Y. Montreuil, Chiyo Nishida (eds.) 2006: New Perspectives on Romance Linguistics 1: Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics. Selected Papers from the 35th Linguistics Symposium on Romance Linguistics. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 263–277. Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria 2001: LF-interpretability and language development: A study of verbal and nominal features in Greek normally developing and SLI children. Brain and Language 77 (3), 432–448.
KATARZYNA JAWORSKA-BISKUP UNIVERSITY OF SZCZECIN English-Polish language contact in the translation of EU law ABSTRACT. The article addresses the issue of translating EU legislation with an emphasis placed on the difficulties English terminology may pose for a Polish translator. The examples collected from the Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union show that language contact in the translation process might be a source of many terminological inconsistencies and ambiguities. In addition, it can be observed that the Polish translations of EU documents become more and more infused with the features of the English language, which only supports the thesis of the rapid expansion of this language in the world. KEYWORDS. European Union, translation, globalisation, interference, equivalence, borrowings 1. Introduction Considering the issue of language contact it is probably nowhere more apparent than in the EU, the organization that is entirely based on the principle of linguistic diversity according to which the languages of all Member States shall enjoy the equal status, the right vested in many legal instruments such as, for instance, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969. Pushing for a moment legal deliberations aside, one cannot escape the observation that a multitude of language versions of primary and secondary legislation, or to put it differently, the “encounter of languages in translation” triggers many linguistic phenomena that can be put under the umbrella term of language interference. Particularly, it is visible when comparing the original and translated documents. This is also the case in the Polish and English languages since Polish accession to the EU in 2004. 2. The notion of English-Polish language contact It is an obvious fact that due to recent changes, such as globalization, the fall of communism in the east European countries and the introduction of democracy therein as well as hegemony of west culture, especially the American and British culture, the Polish language has undergone a considerable evolution visible in everyday communication. This phenomenon did not escape the attention of linguists who combine more and more data of new lexical items that are LANGUAGES IN CONTACT 2011
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Languages in Contact 2011
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Zdzisław Wąsik Piotr P. Chruszcze
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Table of contents ELŻBIETA ADAMCZY
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ELŻBIETA ADAMCZYK ADAM MICKIEWICZ
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On the fate of the s-stems in West
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28 Andrei A. Avram sopp’s Diction
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30 Andrei A. Avram [23] bubby ‘wo
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32 Andrei A. Avram cattar 1881 (Win
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34 Andrei A. Avram wha make dem no
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36 Andrei A. Avram me takee 1802 (W
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38 Andrei A. Avram [139] say (compl
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40 Andrei A. Avram Table 4. The per
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42 Andrei A. Avram reclassified as
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44 Andrei A. Avram Schneider, Edgar
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46 Gabriela Brozbă most likely to
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48 Gabriela Brozbă whereas a schwa
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50 Gabriela Brozbă can be seen in
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52 Gabriela Brozbă The data provid
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54 Gabriela Brozbă Rooy and Van Hu
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56 Gabriela Brozbă phonemes. Two a
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58 Gabriela Brozbă These monophtho
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60 Gabriela Brozbă References Boer
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62 Zuzanna Bułat Silva tions on le
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64 Zuzanna Bułat Silva 3. The lexe
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66 Zuzanna Bułat Silva your pain a
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Page 75 and 76: DOROTA BUSZYŃSKA UNIVERSITY OF WRO
Page 77 and 78: Laughing at or with? Humor as no la
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Page 112 and 113: 110 Pablo Irizarri van Suchtelen 3.
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Page 128 and 129: 126 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup of th
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Page 132 and 133: 130 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup ings,
Page 134 and 135: 132 Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup Kierz
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Page 139 and 140: Welsh language - survival against t
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The status of English lexis in the
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178 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska the
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180 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska tifi
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182 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska cate
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184 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska 4.2.
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186 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska Howe
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188 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska desp
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DENISE SCHMANDT-BESSERAT THE UNIVER
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Numeracy before literacy 193 bread,
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Numeracy before literacy 195 tricat
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Numeracy before literacy 197 cordin
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Numeracy before literacy 199 one-to
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AGNIESZKA STĘPKOWSKA POZNAŃ COLLE
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Language shift in the Raeto-Romansh
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ALEKSANDER SZWEDEK SPOŁECZNA AKADE
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More evidence on the primacy of the
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226 Alicja Witalisz such as, for ex
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228 Alicja Witalisz that a category
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230 Alicja Witalisz Taking into acc
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232 Alicja Witalisz 3.2. Semantic r
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234 Alicja Witalisz 5. Conclusion a
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KAMILA BINIEK KARKONOSZE STATE HIGH
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Etymological research on the source
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