Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 49 Loculohypoxylon grandineum (from N.A.F. 494). a Appearance of ascomata on the host surface. b Habitat section of ascomata. c Section of an ascoma. Note the pale brown thin-walled peridium cells. slot-like ostiole, periphysate (Fig. 50a). Peridium 30–45 μm wide at the sides and slightly thicker at the apex, d, e Uniseriate ascospores in asci. f–f Cylindro-clavate asci with ascospores. Note the ocular chamber in (g). Scale bars: a=100 μm, b=200 μm, c=50 μm, d–h=10 μm 2-layered, lateral walls and wall adjacent to neck comprising two types of cells which merge in the middle; outer
Fungal Diversity cells small heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells 4–7 μm diam., cell wall 3.5–5 μm thick, inner cells less pigmented, comprising thin-walled compressed cells; apical wall cells smaller and walls thicker, basal wall thinner (ca. 15μm wide), composed of lightly pigmented thin-walled compressed cells (Fig. 50b and c). Hamathecium of trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, 1–2 μm broad, septate, anastomosing and branching rarely between and mostly above the asci. Asci 105–130(−150)×10–15 μm (x ¼ 123 12mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence not observed, clavate to cylindro-clavate, with a short, narrow, furcate pedicel which is 10–25 μm long, and a small inconspicuous ocular chamber (to 1.5 μm wide× 1 μm high) (Fig. 50d and e). Ascospores (80-)90–115×3– 5 μm (x ¼ 95 3:5mm, n=10), filliform, gradually tapering towards the base, hyaline to light yellow, (6-)7(−8)-septate, slightly constricted at each septum, smooth (Fig. 50f). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: USA, New Jersey, Newfield, on dead stems of Oenothera biennis, Aug. 1881, Ellis (NY 643, holotype, NY 885, isotype). Notes Morphology Lophionema is a relatively poorly studied genus, which was formally established by Saccardo (1883) as a monotypic genus represented by L. vermisporum based on its “globose ascomata, compressed ostiole, cylindrical to clavate ascus, and filamentous, septate, subhyaline to lightly pigmented ascospores”. Lophionema vermisporum was consequently listed as the generic type (Clements and Shear 1931). Berlese (1890) placed the genus in Lophiostomataceae but mentioned that the genus was similar to Ophiobolus according to the variable apex, and Shoemaker (1976) transferred Lophionema vermisporum to Ophiobolus sensu lato. Chesters and Bell (1970) however, had regarded Lophionema as related to Lophiostoma despite the distinct ascospore morphology. Barr (1992b) assignedLophionema to Entodesmium based on the morphology of ascomata, papilla, peridium structure, pseudoparaphyses as well as the hyaline or slightly yellowish ascospores with a terminal appendage (not observed here). Species of Entodesmium, however, exclusively occur on legumes, but Lophionema vermisporum does not. We also note that the filliform ascospores, bitunicate asci, pseudoparaphyses and nature of the peridium may also be considered as typical of genera in the Tubeufiaceae (Barr 1980; Kodsueb et al. 2006b). Phylogenetic study None. Concluding remarks The immersed to erumpent ascomata, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses and laterally flattened papilla and periphysate ostioles indicate that this genus should be included in Lophiostomataceae. We do not accept the above proposals and, consider that Lophionema should be maintained as a separate genus with filliform ascospores in Lophiostomataceae until representative taxa can be sequenced and analyzed. Currently Lophionema comprises 10 species (http://www.mycobank.org, 08-01-2009). However, many of these are poorly studied and obscure. Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1: 219 (1863). (Lophiostomataceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata immersed to erumpent, usually with a distinct depressed papilla and a slotlike ostiole. Hamathecium of dense, long, septate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing and branching between and above the asci. Peridium unequal in thickness, thicker near the apex and thinner at base. Asci usually clavate. Ascospores 1-septate, multi-septate or even muriform, hyaline to deep brown, usually with terminal appendages. Anamorphs reported for genus: Pleuorphomopsis-like (Hyde et al. 2011). Literature: Barr 1990a; Chesters and Bell 1970; Holm and Holm 1988; Hyde and Aptroot 1998; Hyde et al. 2002; Tanaka and Harada 2003b; Yuan and Zhao 1994. Type species Lophiostoma macrostomum (Tode) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1: 219 (1863). (Fig. 51) ≡ Sphaeria macrostoma Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 2: 12 (1791). Ascomata 400–600 μm high×420–560 μm diam., densely scattered to gregarious, semi-immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose, with a small to large flattenedcrest-likeraisedareaabovetheascomatawhich is variable in shape, up to 300 μm high and 480 μm wide, with a slit-like ostiole along the full length of the crest (Fig. 51a and b). Peridium 30–45 μm thick at the sides, thicker at the apex and thinner at the base, composed of one cell type of small lightly pigmented thin-walled cells of textura prismatica, cellsca. 6–9×3– 4 μm diam., apex composed of pseudoparenchymatous cells (Fig. 51b). Hamathecium of dense, filliform, up to 3 μm near the base and less than 1.5 μm broad in the
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 16 Byssolophi
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity papillate, ostiola
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Fungal Diversity Williams 1963; Mal
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity composed of one ce
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 84 Saccharico
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Fungal Diversity and nearly black a
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Fungal Diversity dense, long trabec
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Fungal Diversity Anamorphs reported
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 95 Wettsteini
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 96 Wilmia bra
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Fungal Diversity Current name: Astr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Fungal Diversity Phylogenetic study
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 104 Zeuctomor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 105 Muroia ni
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Fungal Diversity pseudoparenchymato
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Fungal Diversity Eremodothis Arx, K
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity monoceras Alcorn n
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Fungal Diversity tomataceae, Melano
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity only do so under v
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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