Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
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Fungal Diversity<br />
“globose to depressed ascomata, slit-like ostiole with labial<br />
cells, bitunicate asci, cellular pseudoparaphyses, and hyaline<br />
septate ascospores”. Bricookea was morphologically assigned<br />
to Phaeosphaeriaceae. Holm(1957) checked the authentic<br />
collections from North America and type material from<br />
Europe, and observed that the ascospores of collections from<br />
North America were significantly larger than those from the<br />
type material from Sweden. Thus, Shoemaker and Babcock<br />
(1989a) considered that the collections from North America<br />
represented a new species, which they introduced as B. barrae<br />
Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. Although the short slit-like<br />
ostiole has previously been reported (Shoemaker and<br />
Babcock 1989a), it is inconspicuous in the type specimen<br />
from Sweden. Currently, only two species are accommodated<br />
in this genus.<br />
Phylogenetic study<br />
None.<br />
Concluding remarks<br />
The knob-shaped pedicel, slit-like ostiole, hyaline<br />
ascospores as well as the herbaceous substrate all disagree<br />
with any current pleosporalean family. Thus, we temporarily<br />
retain this genus under Phaeosphaeriaceae until DNA<br />
sequence comparisons can be carried out.<br />
Byssolophis Clem., in Clements & Shear, Gen. fung., Edn 2<br />
(Minneapolis): 286 (1931). (<strong>Pleosporales</strong>, genera incertae<br />
sedis)<br />
Generic description<br />
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, gregarious,<br />
semi-immersed to erumpent, coriaceous, ovoid, with a<br />
conspicuous elongate slit-like ostiole on the top. Peridium not<br />
observed. Hamathecium of dense, long pseudoparaphyses,<br />
anastomosing and branching between and above the asci. Asci<br />
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical or cylindroclavate,<br />
with a furcate pedicel. Ascospores fusoid, hyaline,<br />
turning faintly brown when old, 1-septate, with a short<br />
terminal appendage at each end.<br />
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.<br />
Literature: Clements and Shear 1931; Holm 1986; Müller<br />
and von Arx 1962.<br />
Type species<br />
Byssolophis byssiseda (Flageolet & Chenant.) Clem., Gen.<br />
Fung. (Minneapolis): 286 (1931). (Fig. 16)<br />
≡ Schizostoma byssisedum Flageolet & Chenant., in<br />
Chenantaise, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 35: 125 (1919).<br />
Ascomata 300–450 μm high×600–750 μm long×<br />
350–420 μm broad, gregarious, semi-immersed to<br />
erumpent, coriaceous, ovoid with a flattened base and<br />
apex with a elongate slit-like ostiole, up to 700 μm long and<br />
200 μm wide (Fig. 16a). Peridium not observed. Hamathecium<br />
of dense, long pseudoparaphyses, up to 1.5–2.5 μm<br />
broad, anastomosing and branching between and above the<br />
asci (Fig. 16b). Asci 80–105×(5-)7.5–10 μm<br />
(x ¼ 91 8mm; n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,<br />
cylindrical or cylindro-clavate, with a furcate pedicel and a<br />
small ocular chamber (J-) (Fig. 16d). Ascospores 18–20<br />
(−28)×4.5–6(−7.5) μm (x ¼ 20:8 5:7mm, n=10), uniseriate<br />
to biseriate, fusoid, hyaline, turning faintly brown when<br />
old, 1-septate, with 1–2 distinct oil drops in each cell and<br />
usually with a short terminal appendage at each end<br />
(Fig. 16c).<br />
Anamorph: none reported.<br />
Material examined: on decaying wood (K(M):164030,<br />
isotype).<br />
Notes<br />
Morphology<br />
Byssolophis was introduced as a monotypic genus based<br />
on B. byssiseda, which is characterized by its semiimmersed,<br />
gregarious, ovoid ascomata, with a conspicuous<br />
central apical ostiolar slit (Holm 1986). Subsequently, two<br />
more species were introduced, viz. B. ampla (Berk. &<br />
Broome) L. Holm and B. sphaerioides (P. Karst.) E. Müll.<br />
(Holm 1986; Müller and von Arx 1962).<br />
Phylogenetic study<br />
The current phylogeny places Byssolophis sphaerioides<br />
in proximity of Hypsostromataceae without resolving any<br />
sister taxa (Plate 1).<br />
Concluding remarks<br />
The slit-like ostiole, cylindrical asci, hyaline and 1-<br />
septate ascospores as well as the form of pseudoparaphyses<br />
are similar to species in Lophiostoma. Thus, Byssolophis<br />
may be a synonym of Lophiostoma.<br />
Byssosphaeria Cooke, Grevillea 7: 84 (1879).<br />
(Melanommataceae)<br />
Generic description<br />
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized,<br />
scattered to gregarious, superficial, globose, subglobose<br />
to turbinate, non papillate with white, orange, red or green<br />
ostiolar region, wall black. Hamathecium of dense,<br />
long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage,<br />
anastomosing between and above the asci. Asci<br />
bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to nearly cylindrical,<br />
with a furcate pedicel. Ascospores fusoid with narrow
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