Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
Anamorph: Pycnidia typical of Stagonospora (Sphaeropsidales),
“scattered,arisingsinglybothonthehostandinpure
culture, in culture generally surrounded by an envelope of
mycelial hyphae, numerous, immersed on the host, but nearly
superficial in culture, subglobose to slightly applanate, black,
150–250 μm diam., with a central slightly papillate ostiole,
lacking a distinct neck; walls mainly 15–20 μm thick,
composed of three to six layers of pseudoparenchymatous
cells, the outermost layers dark brown and inner pale brown to
hyaline cells somewhat compressed radially, very variable in
size, cells of the outer layers mainly 7–12 μm long×4–6 μm
wide in vertically section and 10–12 μm diam. in surface
view, wall not or only slightly thicked near the ostiole.
Conidiogenous cells lining the inner surface of the pycnidial
cavity, holoblastic, minute and difficult to distinguish from the
pseudoparenchymatous cells with which they are mixed,
mammiform with a flattened apex, hyaline, smooth walled,
about 4–6 μm tall and 4–6 μm wide. Conidia copiously
produced, ellipsoid, with somewhat truncated ends, hyaline,
smooth walled, (2-)3 septate, not or slightly constricted at the
septa, often guttulate, rather thin walled, (21-)24–28(−34)
μm×7–8.5(−11.5) μm” (from Kaiser et al. 1979).
Material examined: KENYA, near Nairobi, on leaves of
Saccharum officinarum L.; 24 Aug. 1977; leg. W.J. Kaiser
(IMI 215888, holotype).
Notes
Morphology
Saccharicola was separated from Leptosphaeria as a new
genus based on its Stagonospora anamorph and its biotrophic
habitat in leaves of sugar cane, and two species were
included, i.e. Saccharicola bicolor and S. taiwanensis (J.M.
Yen & C.C. Chi) O.E. Erikss. & D. Hawksw. (Eriksson and
Hawksworth 2003). Saccharicola is characterized by its
parasitic habitat on monocots, small ascomata, bitunicate
asci, presence of pseudoparaphyses as well as its 3-septate
ascospores (Eriksson and Hawksworth 2003).
Phylogenetic study
Based on the limited phylogenetic analysis of SSU
sequences, Saccharicola is considered to be closely related
to Massarina eburnea, the generic type of Massarina
(Eriksson and Hawksworth 2003). Thus, Saccharicola was
assigned to Massarinaceae, which includes Keissleriella,
Massarina and Saccharicola (Eriksson and Hawksworth
2003).
Concluding remarks
Based on the parasitic habitat on monocots and its small
ascomata and Stagonospora (or Cercospora? for S. taiwanensis,
see Eriksson and Hawksworth 2003; Shoemaker
and Babcock 1989b) anamorph, Saccharicola seems more
similar to Pleosporineae. Further molecular study is needed
for confirmation.
Salsuginea K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34: 315 (1991). (Pleosporales,
genera incertae sedis)
Generic description
Habitat marine, saprobic. Ascomata large, solitary, fusoid,
conical or subglobose, with or without a flattened base,
immersed under a darkened clypeus, papillate, ostiolate.
Peridium thin, composed of round cells (in cross section) at
sides, fusing at the top with the clypeus, thin at the base.
Hamathecium of dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,
anastomosing, embedded in mucilage. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, clavate to cylindro-clavate, pedunculate,
with a large ocular chamber and conspicuous apical ring.
Ascospores uniseriate, obovoid, brown to black, with hyaline
apical germ pores, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, dark
brown with paler apical cells, lacking sheath, smooth.
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Hyde 1991a; Suetrong et al. 2009.
Type species
Salsuginea ramicola K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34: 316 (1991).
(Fig. 85)
Ascomata 1040–2600 μm high×455–1430 μm diam.,
solitary, fusoid, conical or subglobose, with or without a
flattened base, immersed under a darkened clypeus, papillate,
ostiolate, ostiole rounded (Fig. 85a). Peridium up to 39 μm
thick, composed of round cells (in cross section) at sides,
fusing at the top with the clypeus, thin at the base (Fig. 85b).
Hamathecium of dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,
1–2 μm broad, anastomosing, embedded in mucilage. Asci
440–512×29–34 μm, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
clavate to cylindro-clavate, pedunculate, with a large ocular
chamber and conspicuous apical ring (Fig. 85c and e).
Ascospores 59–72×24–30 μm, uniseriate, obovoid, brown to
black, with hyaline apical germ pores, 1-septate, constricted
at the septum, dark brown with paler apical cells, lacking
sheath, smooth (Fig. 85d and f).
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: THAILAND, Ranong mangrove,
Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco., Oct. 1988, leg. & det.
K.D. Hyde (BRIP 17102, holotype).
Notes
Morphology
Salsuginea was introduced to accommodate the mangrove
fungus, S. ramicola, which is characterized by large,
immersed, ostiolate and papillate ascomata under a clypeus,