Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
Williams 1963; Malloch and Cain 1972; Munk 1957;
Narendra and Rao 1976; Rai and Tewari 1963; Sultana
and Malik 1980.
Type species
Preussia funiculata (Preuss) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver.
Naturk. 23–24: 91 (1870) [1869–70]. (Fig. 81)
≡ Perisporium funiculatum Preuss, Fung. Hoyersw.: no.
145 (1851).
Ascomata 240–500 μm diam., cleistothecial, solitary,
scattered on substrate, superficial, globose, membraneous,
black (Fig. 81a). Peridium thin, composed of thick-walled,
poly-angular cells in front view (Fig. 81b). Pseudoparaphyses
not observed. Asci 42–65×20–25 μm (x ¼ 55:8 21:8mm, n=
10), (4-)8-spored, bitunicate, broadly clavate, with a long and
thin and furcate pedicel, up to 115 μm long, ocular chamber
not observed (Fig. 81c and d). Ascospores 30–40×6.3–
7.5 μm (x ¼ 35:6 6:9mm, n=10), 3–6 seriate to uniseriate
near the base, cylindrical with rounded ends, brown, with
3 transverse septa, easily breaking into partspores, central
cells round in transverse section but rectangular in
vertical section, with a germ slit in each cell, 6.5–8.5×
4–7.5 μm broad, apical cells 8.8–10×5–7 μm broad,
sheath not observed.
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: USA, Ontario, York Co., Nashville,
on old jute sack on ground, 1 Jul. 1960, leg. & det. R.F.
Cain (in part Preussia typharum) (TRTC 46985).
Notes
Morphology
Preussia was introduced by Fuckel (1866) to accommodate
species having cleistothecioid ascomata, bitunicate
asci, multi-septate ascospores with a germ slit in
each cell and with a gelatinous sheath, and occurring in
soil or plant debris. Preussia, Sporormia and Sporormiella
are regarded as closely related genera, which share
numerous morphological characters. Sporormia can be
distinguished from Preussia by its perithecioid ascomata
and cylindrical asci. The only distinguishing morphological
character for Preussia from Sporormiella are the
cleistothecioid ascomata in Preussia (Barr 2000; Cain
1961), but this has been shown to have little phylogenetic
significance (von Arx 1973; Zhang et al. 2009a).
Substrate preference has been used to distinguish species
of Sporormiella and Preussia, with Sporormiella being
restricted to a coprophilous habitat, while Preussia grows
in plant debris, wood or soil (von Arx and van der Aa
1987). This proposal was rejected, as P. intermedia
(Clum) Cain can be isolated from either soil or dung
(Guarro et al. 1997b). In a review of Preussia, Cain
(1961) accepted 12 species, and some of them are coprophilous.
Subsequently, numerous additional new species have
been published (Arenal et al. 2005; Barr 1987b, 1990a;
Boylan 1970; Eriksson1992; Guarro et al. 1981, 1997a, b;
Khan and Cain 1979a; Lodha1971; Lorenzo 1994; Luck-
Allen and Cain 1975; Maciejowska and Williams 1963;
Malloch and Cain 1972; Narendra and Rao 1976; Rai and
Tewari 1963; Sultana and Malik 1980). Currently, 84 species
are listed under Preussia (http://www.mycobank.org/
mycotaxo.aspx, 10/2010) and Kirk et al. (2008) estimates
there are 51 species.
Phylogenetic study
In phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, nLSU, mtSSU
and β-tubulin gene fragments, Preussia, Sporormiella and
Spororminula clustered together. Thus, Sporormiella together
with Spororminula are treated as synonyms of
Preussia (Kruys and Wedin 2009).
Concluding remarks
Preussia sensu lato (including Sporormiella and Spororminula)
based on both morphology and molecular data
should be accepted pending further research.
Quintaria Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34: 34
(1991). (Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis)
Habitat marine, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, scattered
or loosely gregarious, immersed, mostly subglobose,
rarely globose, with a protruding papilla, ostiolate. Peridium
thin, 2-layered, coriaceous, thicker near the apex.
Hamathecium of dense, filamentous, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,
branching and anastomosing between and
above asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindro-clavate, with a short furcate pedicel. Ascospores
biseriate, broadly fusoid to fusoid, hyaline, mostly 5-
septate, rarely up to 7-septate.
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Hyde and Goh 1999; Kohlmeyer and
Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1991; Suetrong et al. 2009; Zhang
et al. 2008b.
Type species
Quintaria lignatilis (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.,
Bot. Mar. 34: 35 (1991). (Fig. 82)
≡ Trematosphaeria lignatilis Kohlm., Marine Ecology,
[Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica Napoli I] 5(4): 365
(1984).
Ascomata 240–500 μm diam., scattered or loosely
gregarious, immersed, globose to subglobose, coriaceous,
ostiolate, ostiole is encrusted with thick-walled black cells,
papilla up to 400 μm long (Fig. 82a). Peridium thin, 20–
30 μm wide, thinner at the base, thicker near the apex, up to