Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 79 Pleoseptum yuccaesedum (from BPI 802381, holotype). a Appearance of ascomata scattered on the host surface. Only the upper region is visible. b Squash mount of asci in pseudoparaphyses. c Section of an ascoma. Note the peridium comprising cells of textura angularis. d, e Asci with short furcate pedicels. f, g Muriform dark-brown ascospores. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b= 40 μm, c=100 μm, d, e=20 μm, f, g=10 μm
Fungal Diversity papillate, ostiolate. Peridium thin. Hamathecium of dense, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with furcate pedicel and small inconspicuous ocular chamber. Ascospores muriform, brown or pale brown, with or without sheath. Anamorphs reported for genus: Stemphylium (Simmons 1985). Literature: Barr 1981; Frisullo and Braun 1996; Kodsueb et al. 2006a; Luttrell1951; Wehmeyer1946, 1961, 1975; Zhang et al. 2009a. Type species Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. 2: no. 547 (1854). (Fig. 80) ≡ Sphaeria herbarum Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 78 (1801). Ascomata 130–220 μm high×250–420 μm diam., scattered, or in small groups of 2–3, immersed, semiimmersed to erumpent, broadly to narrowly oblong and flattened, with flattened base not easily removed from the substrate, wall black, papillate, ostiolate (Fig. 80a and b). Peridium 30–50 μm thick on sides, thinner at the base, coriaceous, 2-layered, outer layer composed of one or two layers of heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells 5–10 μm diam., cell wall 2–4 μm thick, apex cells smaller and walls thicker, inner layer composed of hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis, 8–12 μm diam., wall hyaline, 0.5–1.5 μm thick (Fig. 80c). Hamathecium of dense, cellular pseudoparaphyses, 2–3 μm broad, filling the gaps between the asci. Asci 100–210× 27.5–30 μm (x ¼ 142:2 28:3mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to clavate, with a short, thick, furcate pedicel, 8-12(−20) μm long, with small inconspicuous ocular chamber (ca. 3 μm wide× 1 μm high) (Fig. 80d and e). Ascospores 28–38×12.5– 15 μm (x ¼ 33 14:5mm, n=10), ellipsoidal, straight or sometimes curved, with broadly rounded ends and upper hemispore slightly shorter and broader; spores usually divided by 3 A-transsepta, all 4 segments by longisepta andthenbyonestratumofB-transsepta(maturesporesas a rule with 7 transsepta, 3A+4B), yellowish brown, smooth; each hemispore with thick gelatinous sheath, the lower one with umbilicus (sheaths fused in mature spores) (Fig. 80f, g, h, i, j and k). Anamorph: Stemphyllium herbarum E. Simmons (Simmons 1985). Material examined: GERMANY, on stalks of Melilotusalla? at the bank of the Elbe in Konigstein, 1882 (E, Krieger 683); as Sphaeria herbarum Persoon Syn. fung. p. 78 (E, 81); as Sphaeria herbarum Fries, Scleromyceti Sueciae 38 (E, lectotype). Notes Morphology Pleospora was originally assigned within Sphaeriales. Subsequently, it was assigned within Pseudosphaeriales and <strong>Pleosporales</strong> (Wehmeyer 1961). Pleospora is a large group, which is widely distributed and associated with a wide range of species of monocotyledons as well as dicotyledons (Wehmeyer 1975). All species of Pleospora have muriform ascospores (Wehmeyer 1961, 1975). Pleospora has downward growing pseudoparaphyses within the ascomata of “Pleospora-type” development (Luttrell Univ. Mo. Stud. 1951), which subsequently served as a diagnostic character. However, only a limited number of species had detailed studies on this character (Wehmeyer 1961). The heterogeneous nature of Pleospora has been noted, and several subgenera have been erected, such as Scleroplea to include all “sclerotioid” species of Pleospora, Teichosporoides to accommodate species of Pleospora with immersed ascomata, Pleosphaeria for those having superficial and setose ascomata (Wehmeyer 1961). Similarly, Cucurbitaria, Fenestella and Montagnula are also separated as a section from Pleospora. Most of these subgenera are currently at genus rank. Phylogenetic study The polyphyletic nature of Pleospora is clear (Kodsueb et al. 2006a), and those that stain the woody substrate purple should be assigned to Amniculicolaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a). Concluding remarks As some Pleospora species have a wide range of host spectrum, especially on both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, it is highly possible they are cryptic species. Preussia Fuckel, Hedwigia 6: 175 (1867) [1869–70]. (Sporormiaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic (on decaying fibers or coprophilous). Ascomata small- to medium-sized, cleistothecial or perithecial, solitary or scattered on substrate surface, globose, membraneous, black. Peridium thin, composed of thick-walled, poly-angular cells from the surface view. Pseudoparaphyses not observed. Asci (4-) 8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to broadly clavate, with a long and thin and furcate pedicel. Ascospores 3–6 seriate to uniseriate near the base, cylindrical with rounded ends, brown, septate, easily breaking into partspores, with germ slits in each cell. Anamorphs reported for genus: Phoma (von Arx 1973; Cain 1961; Malloch and Cain 1972). Literature: Ahmed and Cain 1972; Arenaletal.2005; von Arx 1973; von Arx and van der Aa 1987; Auerswald1866;
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 16 Byssolophi
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity the reaction of pe
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Fungal Diversity with one or two ve
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Fungal Diversity Moreau 1953; Munk
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Fungal Diversity Material examined:
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 28 Dothidotth
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 29 Dubitatio
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Fungal Diversity assigned Entodesmi
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Fungal Diversity fusoid to somewhat
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 33 Hadrospora
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 34 Halotthia
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology H
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Fungal Diversity some effused Hypox
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 38 Isthmospor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 39 Kalmusia e
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Fungal Diversity ascospores were br
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Fungal Diversity furcate pedicel an
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Material examined:
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 46 Lewia scro
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 47 Lichenopyr
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity monoceras Alcorn n
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity only do so under v
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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