Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 50 Lophionema vermisporum (from NY-643, holotype). a Appearance of ascomata on the host surface. Note the form of the neck. b Section of the peridium. c Peridium comprising two types of cells which merge in the middle; outer cells small heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner cells less pigmented, and comprising thin-walled compressed cells. d, e Cylindro-clavate, 8- spored asci. f A 7-septate filliform ascospore. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b=100 μm, c=50 μm, d–f=10 μm
Fungal Diversity upper place, septate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing and branching between and above the asci (Fig. 51f). Asci 110–145×10–15 μm (x ¼ 127:5 13mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate (ectotunica no constriction), cylindro-clavate, with a furcate pedicel and a small ocular chamber (to 1.5 μm wide× 2 μm high) (J-) (Fig. 51c, d and e). Ascospores 27–38(−43)× 5–7.5 μm (x ¼ 31:2 6:4mm, n=10), biseriate, fusoid, curved, hyaline, usually 1-septate, with 3–5 septaandfaintly brown when old, with (2-)3(−4) distinct oil drops in each cell and short terminal appendage at ends (Fig. 51h, i and j), and ornamented with warts when spores are senescent (Fig. 51g). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: SWEDEN, Smaland, Femsjö par., Femsjö, on Prunus, 2006, Elias Fries, det. Geir Mathiassen (UPS, lectotype, asSphaeria macrostoma Fr.). FRANCE, Ariège, Rimont, Las Muros, on dead stems of Vitis vinifera, 2 Sept. 1996 (IFRD2005). Notes Morphology Lophiostoma is morphologically a well studied genus (Barr 1990a; Chesters and Bell 1970; Holm and Holm 1988; Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b; Yuan and Zhao 1994), and currently it comprises about 30 species (Tanaka and Harada 2003b). The genus was characterized as having immersed to erumpent ascomata with a cylindrical or crest-like papilla and full length, slit-like ostiole; a peridium of unequal thickness, which was broader near the base (Lophiostoma-type); mostly clavate, bitunicate asci and 1- to several septate, hyaline to pigmented ascospores with terminal appendages or surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath (Holm and Holm 1988). This definition was followed by Barr (1990a), Yuan and Zhao (1994) and Hyde et al. (2002). The crest-like papilla has been regarded as a prominent morphological character of Lophiostoma macrostomum (Chesters and Bell 1970; Holm and Holm 1988). In the lectotype specimen, the raised area above the ascomata is up to 300 μm high and 480 μm long, and seen as a flattened or even Y-shaped crest (Fig. 51a). In Lophiostoma curtum (Fr.) De Not. and Lophiotrema boreale Math. the raised area above the ascomata varies considerably in height or is even lacking (Holm and Holm 1988). Thus the variable “crest-like raised area in Lophiostomataceae” was explained as an evolutionarily adaptation to the hard substrate within which the ascomata develop (Holm and Holm 1988). The ascospores of L. macrostomum usually turn reddish brown when mature, and minutely verrucose ornamentation was also found on the surface of the pigmented ascospores. Hyaline ascospores that became pigmented with age are common in Lophiostoma, such as in L. appendiculatum Fuckel, L. massarioides (Sacc.) L. Holm & K. Holm, L. semiliberum, L. subcorticale Fuckel and L. winteri (Holm and Holm 1988; Tanaka and Harada 2003b). The phylogenetic significance of this character should be observed carefully in the future but at present its phylogenetic significance is unclear as this also occurs in some Lophiotrema species. Phylogenetic study Phylogenetic affinity with some Massarina species has been reported by Liew et al. (2002), and several Massarina species were transferred into Lophiostoma. Inasystematic study of Lophiostoma- and Massarina-related fungi conducted by Zhang et al. (2009b), Lophiostoma taxa clustered into two groups; one includes the type species L. macrostomum with crest-like ostioles, L. rugulosum Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde with a wide, umbilicate pore surrounded by 4–6 radial ridges, and L. glabro-tunicatus with small ostiolar pores; the other cluster comprises Lophiostoma-like taxa with slot-like ostioles lacking raised crests, which includes L. arundinis (Pers.) Ces. & De Not., L. caulium, L. compressum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not., L. crenatum (Pers.) Fuckel, L. fuckelii (Sacc.) Sacc., L. macrostomoides, L. semiliberum and L. viridarium Cooke, which seems to represent a natural group at the family level. This conclusion is tentative until verified sequences of L. macrostomum are included in analyses (see comments of Zhang et al. 2009a). Concluding remarks We tend to accept a narrow concept of Lophiostomataceae, which only comprises species of Lophiostoma sensu stricto (Zhang et al. 2009a). Lophiotrema Sacc., Michelia 1: 338 (1878). (<strong>Pleosporales</strong>, genera incertae sedis) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata small- to mediumsized, with or without short papilla. Hamathecium of dense, long, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing and branching between and above asci. Asci cylindrical to cylindroclavate. Ascospores hyaline, 1–3-septate, usually with mucilaginous sheath. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Barr 1990a; Chesters and Bell 1970; Holm and Holm 1988; Saccardo 1878a; Tanaka and Harada 2003c; Tang et al. 2003; Yuan and Zhao 1994. Type species Lophiotrema nucula (Fr.) Sacc., Michelia 1: 338 (1878). (Fig. 52)
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 16 Byssolophi
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity the reaction of pe
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Fungal Diversity Williams 1963; Mal
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 84 Saccharico
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Fungal Diversity Phylogenetic study
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 105 Muroia ni
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Fungal Diversity Eremodothis Arx, K
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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