Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
ing between and above the asci (Fig. 92d, e and f). Asci
100–145×15–17 μm (x ¼ 118 15:5mm, n=10), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindro-clavate, with a short,
thick, furcate pedicel which is 12–30 μm long, with a
truncate ocular chamber (Fig. 92d, e, f, g and i). Ascospores
27.5–32.5×7.5–8.5 μm (x ¼ 29:5 8mm, n=10), biseriate
to uniseriate near the base, fusoid with broadly to narrowly
rounded ends, dark brown, 1–3-septate, secondary septum
forming late or often absent, constricted at the median
septum, the upper cell often shorter and broader than the
lower one, smooth to finely verruculose, containing
refractive globules (Fig. 92j and k).
Anamorph: Only hyphopodia-like structures (or conidia?)
observed (Zhang et al. 2008a).
Colonies (of epitype) reaching 5 cm diam. after 20 days
growth on MEA at 25°C, raised, woolly, deep grey, with
irregular to rhizoidal margin, reverse darkened. Hyphopodialike
structures (or conidia?) produced after 6 months, hyaline
to pale brown, lobed, 4–4.5(−5) μm long and 3–3.5 μm diam.
Material examined: EUROPE, Upsala, on decaying
wood, designated by Boise (1985), (L-Pers 910269–172,
as Sphaeria pertusa Pers., neotype); FRANCE, Deux
Sèvres, Sansais, Le Vanneau, Les Grandes Mottines,
swamp, on bark of a dead stump of Fraxinus excelsior,
25 Apr. 2004, J. Fournier (IFRD 2002, epitype); Haute
Garonne, Avignonet, Canal du Midi, on submerged wood
of Platanus in a canal, 23 Nov. 2006, Michel Delpont, det.
J. Fournier (IFRD2003).
Notes
Morphology
Trematosphaeria was formally established in ‘Rhenish
fungi’ by Fuckel (1870) based on the broadly pertuse
ascomata, and Fries (1823) assigned it under Ascomycetes,
Pyrenomycetes, Lophiostomataceae. Subsequently, Winter
(1885) placed Trematosphaeria in Amphisphaeriaceae.
Berlese (1890), however, treated Trematosphaeria as a
synonym of Melanomma (Melanommataceae). After establishment
of Loculoascomycetes (Luttrell 1955), Trematosphaeria
was assigned to Pleosporaceae (Loculoascomycetes,
Pleosporales) (Holm1957), and this was followed by von
Arx and Müller (1975). Trematosphaeria was assigned to
Melanommataceae by Barr (1979a), and this has been
widely followed (Eriksson 2006; Kirketal.2001; Lumbsch
and Huhndorf 2007).
Trematosphaeria pertusa, the lectotype species of Trematosphaeria
(Clements and Shear 1931), is characterized by
having semi-immersed to erumpent ascomata, filamentous
pseudoparaphyses, cylindro-clavate asci, fusoid, 1-septate
reddish brown to dark brown ascospores (Zhang et al.
2008a). All of these characters are quite different from those
of Melanomma, the familial type of Melanommataceae.
Fig. 91 Sporormia fimetaria (from RO, type). a Appearance of
ascomata on the host surface. Note the scattered distribution. b–d
Broad cylindrical asci with a short and thick pedicel. e Released
filiform ascospores which may break up into part spores. Scale bars:
a=0.5 mm, b–d=20 μm, e=10 μm
Phylogenetic study
Trematosphaeria pertusa forms a robust phylogenetic
clade with Falciformispora lignatilis and Halomassarina
thalassiae, and they are all assigned to Trematosphaeriaceae
(Suetrong et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1).
Concluding remarks
Trematosphaeria pertusa is a terrestrial species which
can also survive in a freshwater environment. However,
both Falciformispora lignatilis and Halomassarina thalassiae
are marine fungi. Their habitat difference may indicate
their distant relationship, at least above genus level.
Verruculina Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94:
689 (1990). (Testudinaceae)
Generic description
Habitat marine, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, solitary
under clypeate, immersed to semi-immersed, subglobose to
depressed ellipsoidal, papillate, ostiolate, periphysate,
black, carbonaceous. Peridium thin, comprising a few
layers of cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium of long
cellular pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, hyaline,
septate and sparsely branching. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical, with short pedicels, ocular chamber
not observed. Ascospores biseriate, ovoid or ellipsoidal,
dark brown, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, verrucose
or verruculose, with or without germ pore.
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1990;
Suetrong et al. 2009.
Type species
Verruculina enalia (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.,
Mycol. Res. 94: 689 (1990). (Fig. 93)
≡ Didymosphaeria enalia Kohlm., Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 79:
28 (1966).
Ascomata 295–480 μm high×140–520 μm diam., solitary
under clypeate, immersed to semi-immersed, subglobose to
depressed ellipsoidal, ostiolate, papillate, periphysate, black,
carbonaceous. Peridium thin, comprising a few layers of cells
of textura angularis. Hamathecium of long cellular pseudoparaphyses,
1.5–2 μm broad, embedded in mucilage, hyaline,
septate and sparsely branching. Asci 177–135×12.5–15.5 μm,
8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with short
furcate pedicels, ocular chamber not observed (Fig. 93a).
b