Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing
and branching between the asci. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short furcate
pedicel, with a big and truncate ocular chamber. Ascospores
obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping,
narrowly fusoid to fusoid or broadly fusoid with tapering
or narrowly rounded ends, hyaline to pale brown or
brown, muriform.
Anamorphs reported for genus: coelomycetous with
muriform conidia (see Liu 2009).
Literature: Cheng et al. 2004; Hino 1961; Kishi et al.
1991; Liu 2009; Morakotkarn et al. 2008.
Type species
Shiraia bambusicola Henn., Bot. Jb. 28: 274 (1900).
(Fig. 88)
Ascostroma 1–1.5 cm high×1–2.5 cm diam., subglobose,
oblong to irregular, slightly pink with cracking
surface. Ascomata 350–800 μm high×300–700 μm diam.,
subglobose, gregarious on the surface layer of ascostroma,
immersed, ostiolate, with a small black opening seen on
the surface of the ascostroma, ostiole rounded, the inner
tissue of ascostroma carnation red (Fig. 88a and b).
Hamathecium of dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,
0.8–1.5 μm broad, anastomosing and branching
between the asci. Asci 300– 425×20– 35 μm
(x ¼ 360:5 28mm, n=10), 6-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short furcate
pedicel, up to 50 μm long, with a big and truncate ocular
chamber (Fig. 88c and d). Ascospores 62.5–80×17.5–
22.5 μm (x ¼ 72:3 19:3mm, n=10), obliquely uniseriate
and partially overlapping, narrowly fusoid to fusoid with
tapering or narrowly rounded ends, hyaline turning pale
brown when mature, muriform, with 9–13 transversal
septa, 1–3 longitudinal septa in central cells, slightly
constricted at the septa, usually with a gelatinous cap at
each end (Fig. 88e, f and g).
Anamorph: coelomycetous with muriform conidia (see
Liu 2009).
Material examined: CHINA, Zhejiang, Hangzhou,
Panan, on bamboom, 15 Jun. 2009, leg. Liu Yongxiang
(IFRD 2040).
Notes
Morphology
Shiraia is reported as a parasite on branches of several
genera of bamboo distributed mainly in southern regions of
China and Japan (Hino 1961; Kishi et al. 1991; Liu 2009).
Shiraia is characterized by its bambusicolous habitat, large
ascostroma and muriform ascospores. Asci comprise 6
ascospores in this study and some previous studies (Hino
1961; Liu 2009). Shiraia bambusicola is well studied
because of its medical effect in anticancer treatment (Kishi
et al. 1991).
Phylogenetic study
Based on the SSU and ITS rDNA sequences analysis, its
pleosporalean status was verified, and Shiraia was suggested
to be closely related to Leptosphaeriaceae and/or
Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporineae) (Cheng et al. 2004).
Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis, another
Shiraia-like fungus was reported which produced distinctive
prawn-shaped conidioma-like structures (Morakotkarn
et al. 2008), and differed from conidiomata in the anamorph
of S. bambusicola described by Liu (2009).
Concluding remarks A relatively broad species concept of
Shiraia bambusicola is currently used, which could
comprise several species.
Sinodidymella J.Z. Yue & O.E. Erikss., Mycotaxon 24: 295
(1985). (Teichosporaceae)
Generic description
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic? Ascomata medium to large,
scattered, or in small groups, immersed, erumpent, to
superficial, globose, subglobose, coriaceous, apex flattened,
with radial ridges arranged around the central
region. Peridium thick, 2-layered. Hamathecium of
dense, broadly trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing
and branching between the asci. Asci 8-spored, with a
short, furcate pedicel, bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores
broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, becoming pale brown when
mature, 1-septate, constricted at the median septum.
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Yue and Eriksson 1985.
Type species
Sinodidymella verrucosa (Petr.) J.Z. Yue & O.E. Erikss.,
Mycotaxon 24: 295 (1985). (Fig. 89)
≡ Amphididymella verrucosa Petr., Meddn Göteb. Bot.
17: 129 (1947).
Ascomata 620–930 μm high×800–1250 μm diam., scattered,
or in small groups, immersed, becoming erumpent, to
nearly superficial, globose, subglobose, coriaceous, apex
flattened, with 3–6 radial ridges arranged around the central
region, with a flattened base not easily removed from the
substrate, wall black, roughened (Fig. 89a and b). Peridium
100–150 μm thick, thinner at the base, 2-layered, outer layer
thin, up to 40 μm thick, composed of small heavily pigmented
thick-walled cells of textura globulosa, cells up to 5 μm
diam., cell wall 3–6 μm thick, inner layer thick, composed of