Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
the reaction of peridium to KOH (turns reddish brown)
make it distinguishable from all other reported genera
(Rossman et al. 1999). Thus Calyptronectria is a morphologically
well defined genus.
Carinispora K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 110: 97 (1992).
(Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis)
Generic description
Habitat marine, saprobic. One or two ascomata per
stroma. Ascomata scattered or in small groups, developing
beneath the host epidermis, erumpent, lenticular,
ostiolate, lacking periphyses. Peridium pale brown,
composed of thin-walled elongated cells at the sides
and thick-walled cells of textura epidermoidea at the
base. Hamathecium of dense, long filliform pseudoparaphyses,
embedded in mucilage, anastomosing between
and above the asci, rarely septate. Asci 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, with a
short furcate pedicel, apex with an ocular chamber and
apical ring. Ascospores biseriate, narrowly fusoid, yellow
to pale brown, multi-septate, constricted at the septa, the
two central cells being the largest, surrounded by a
gelatinous sheath.
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Hyde 1992a, 1994b.
Type species
Carinispora nypae K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 110: 99
(1992). (Fig. 19)
One or two ascomata per stroma. Ascomata up to 0.8 mm
diam., scattered or in small groups, developing beneath the
host epidermis, crust-like, as circular spots, wall brown, with
a small central ostiole, in section 225–285 μm high×510–
750 μm diam., lenticular, ostiolar canal lacking periphyses
(Fig. 19a and b). Peridium 35–45 μm wide at sides, pale
brown, at sides composed of a thin layer of thin-walled
elongate cells, fusing with the stromatic tissue and host cells,
at the base composed of thick-walled cells, forming a textura
epidermoidea and fusing with host cells. A wedge of pale
brown hyphae forming a textura porrecta is present at the
rim (Fig. 19c). Hamathecium of dense, long filliform
pseudoparaphyses 1–3 μm broad, embedded in mucilage,
anastomosing between and above the asci, rarely septate.
Asci 142–207×14.2–19.8 μm, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
clavate to cylindrical, with a furcate pedicel, up to
40 μm long, apex with an ocular chamber and apical ring (to
2 μm wide×3 μm high, J-), developing from ascogenous
tissue at the base of the ascocarp (Fig. 19d, e, f, g and h).
Ascospores 42–66×7–10.6 μm, biseriate, narrowly fusoid
with broadly to narrowly rounded ends, somewhat curved,
yellow to pale brown, yellow in mass, 7-8-septate, constricted
at the septa, the two central cells being the largest,
surrounded by a gelatinous sheath; the sheath has a central
“spine” and curved polar extrusions (Fig. 19i and j).
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Tungit
Api Api mangrove, from decaying intertidal fronds of Nypa
fruticans Wurmb., 14 Apr. 1987, K.D. Hyde (BRIP 17106,
holotype).
Notes
Morphology
Carinispora is distinguished from Phaeosphaeria by its
saprobic life style and lenticular ascomata formed under the
host epidermis, peridium structure and sheath surrounding the
ascospores (Hyde 1992a, 1994b). Two species were reported,
i.e. C. nypae and C. velatispora K.D. Hyde.
Phylogenetic study
Suetrong et al. (2009) could not resolve Carinispora
nypae in a phylogeny based on four genes.
Concluding remarks
Both Carinispora nypae and C. velatispora are reported
as marine fungi, which should be taken into consideration
for their familial placement.
Caryosporella Kohlm., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl. Sci. 94:
355 (1985). (?Melanommataceae)
Generic description
Habitat marine, saprobic. Ascomata densely scattered or
gregarious, superficial, subglobose, black, papillate, ostiolate,
periphysate, carbonaceous. Peridium carbonaceous. Hamathecium
of dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing
and branching above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores ellipsoidal to broadly fusoid
with narrowly hyaline rounded ends, deep reddish brown, thickwalled,
1-septate with hyaline germ pore at each end.
Anamorphs reported for genus: suspected spermatia
(Kohlmeyer 1985).
Literature: Eriksson 2006; Kohlmeyer 1985; Lumbsch and
Huhndorf 2007.
Type species
Caryosporella rhizophorae Kohlm., Proc. Indian Acad.
Sci., Pl. Sci. 94: 356 (1985). (Fig. 20)
Ascomata 0.8–1.1 mm high×0.9–1.2 mm diam., densely
scattered or gregarious, superficial with a flattened base, not
easily removed from the host surface, subglobose, black, short