Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 44 Leptosphaeria doliolum (from L, lectotype). a Ascomata on the host surface. Note the shiny black surface. b Section of the partial peridium. Note the uneven thickness. c–e Asci with a short pedicel. f Three ascospores in ascus. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b=100 μm, c–f=20 μm
Fungal Diversity Material examined: USA, Kansas, Kansas State College, on Poa pratensis L. Grass plots, 2 Jul. 1953, leg. T. Rogerson, det. L.E. Wehmeyer (NY, C.T. Rogerson 3836). Notes Morphology Leptosphaerulina, introduced by McAlpine (1902), is characterized by small immersed ascomata, obpyriform asci with a large ocular chamber and apical ring as well as muriformly septate ascospores which may be hyaline or pigmented. Species of Leptosphaerulina may occur on monocotyledons or dicotyledons. Leptosphaerulina is most comparable with Pleospora, and the only difference between them is that Leptosphaerulina has smaller ascomata and hyaline ascospores that only become pigmented after discharge, whereas the ascospores of Pleospora become brown within the asci. Currently, about 60 names are accepted in this genus, and some even reported from marine environments, e.g. L. mangrovei (Inderbitzin et al. 2000). Phylogenetic study Based on multigene phylogenetic analysis, two putative strains of Leptosphaerulina australis, the generic type of Leptosphaerulina, from Switzerland (<strong>CBS</strong> 311.51) and Indonesia (<strong>CBS</strong> 317.83) resided within Didymellaceae (de Gruyter et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a). Concluding remarks Because of its morphological confusion with Pleospora and the diversity of habitats within the genus, Leptosphaerulina sensu lato is likely to be polyphyletic. Fresh collections of this species are needed from Australia to epitypify this taxon and define the genus in a strict sense. The specimen described here is a collection from USA and therefore may not represent the type. Lewia M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 25: 289 (1986). (Pleosporaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, parasitic or saprobic? Ascomata small, scattered, erumpent to nearly superficial at maturity, subglobose to globose, black, smooth, papillate, ostiolate. Papilla short, blunt. Peridium thin. Hamathecium of pseudoparaphyses. Asci (4–6-)8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short, furcate pedicel. Ascospores muriform, ellipsoid to fusoid. Anamorphs reported for genus: Alternaria (Simmons 1986). Literature: Kwasna and Kosiak 2003; Kwasnaetal.2006; Simmons 1986, 2007; Vieira and Barreto 2006. Type species Lewia scrophulariae (Desm.) M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 25: 294 (1986). (Fig. 46) ≡ Sphaeria scrophulariae Desm., Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France, ed. 1 fasc. 15:no. 718 (1834). Ascomata ca. 150–200 μm diam., scattered, erumpent to nearly superficial at maturity, subglobose to globose, black, smooth, papillate. Papilla short, blunt. Peridium thin. Hamathecium of septate pseudoparaphyses, ca. 2–2.5 μm broad, anastomosing or branching not observed. Asci 100– 140×13–17 μm, (4–6-)8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short, furcate pedicel, ocular chamber unknown (Fig. 46a). Ascospores ellipsoid, 5 (rarely 6 or 7) transversal septa and one longitudinal septum mostly through the central cells, yellowish brown to gold-brown, 20–24×8–10 μm (x ¼ 21:5 9:1mm, n=10), constricted at median septum, smooth or verruculose (Fig. 46b, e and f). Anamorph: Alternaria conjuncta (Simmons 1986). Primary conidiophore simple with a single conidiogenous locus; conidia produced in chains, the first conidia in chain is larger, 30–45×10–12 μm, 7 transverse septa, 1–2 longitudinal or oblique septa in lower cells. Secondary conidiophore with 5–7 conidiogenous loci, sometimes branched; sporulation in chains, rarely branched. Material examined: (FH, slide from lectotype). Note: The specimen contains only a slide, so limited structures could be observed e.g. ascospores. The information about ascomata, peridium and whole asci is referred to Simmons (1986). Notes Morphology Lewia has “Pleospora-like” teleomorphs, while it has Alternaria anamorphs, which are characterized by the beakless conidia connected together with secondary conidiophore (Simmons 1986). Based on these characters, more species under this genus were subsequently reported, i.e. Lewia avenicola Kosiak & Kwaśna (Kwasna and Kosiak 2003); L. chlamidosporiformans B.S. Vieira & R. W. Barreto (Vieira and Barreto 2006); L. alternarina (M. D. Whitehead & J.G. Dicks.) E.G. Simmons and L. daucicaulis E.G. Simmons (Simmons 2007). Currently Lewia comprises 15 species (http://www.mycobank.org, 24-02-2009). Phylogenetic study Phylogenetic analysis based either on SSU rDNA sequences or on multigenes indicated that Lewia species
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity ium thin, composed
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 76 Platysporo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 77 1 Pleomass
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 78 Pleophragm
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Fungal Diversity papillate, ostiola
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Fungal Diversity Williams 1963; Mal
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity composed of one ce
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 84 Saccharico
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Fungal Diversity dense, long trabec
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Fungal Diversity Anamorphs reported
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 95 Wettsteini
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 96 Wilmia bra
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Fungal Diversity Current name: Astr
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Fungal Diversity spores are actuall
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Fungal Diversity Phylogenetic study
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 104 Zeuctomor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 105 Muroia ni
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Fungal Diversity pseudoparenchymato
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Fungal Diversity Eremodothis Arx, K
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity monoceras Alcorn n
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Fungal Diversity tomataceae, Melano
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity only do so under v
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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