Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity pseudoparaphyses (Fig. 61c). Hamathecium of dense, narrow cellular pseudoparaphyses, 2–4.5 μm broad, septate (Fig. 61f). Asci 153–170(−200)×17.5–21.5 μm (including pedicel), bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindro-clavate to clavate, pedicel 28–60(−85) μm long, 8-spored, biseriate, with an ocular chamber best seen in immature ascus (to 3 μm wide×3 μm high) (Fig. 61d and e). Ascospores 24–29×9–11 μm, oblong to narrowly oblong, straight or somewhat curved, reddish brown to dark yellowish brown, verruculose, with five transverse septa and one vertical septum in each middle cells, constricted at the primary and secondary primary septa (Fig. 61g). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: PORTUGAL, Coimbra Lusitania, on leaves of Fourcroya longava pr., Feb., 1881, leg. Moller. (M 1183, holotype). Notes Morphology Montagnula was introduced to accommodate two Pleospora species, i.e. P. infernalis (Niessl) Wehm. and P. gigantea Mont. by Berlese (1896), based on the presence of hyphal stromatic tissues over the ascomata and asci with relatively long pedicels (Barr 2001). Montagnula infernalis was selected as the lectotype species (Clements and Shear 1931). Subsequently, Wehmeyer (1957, 1961) treated Montagnula as a subgenus of Pleospora. Crivelli(1983) accepted Montagnula as a separate genus, and divided it into two subgenera, i.e. Montagnula and Rubiginospora. Montagnula was characterized by having dark brown ascospores and exclusively occurring on Agavaceae, while Rubiginospora has reddish brown ascospores and occurs on Poaceae. This proposal was not accepted by many workers (Barr 2001). Subsequently, more species with various ascospores (such as phragmosporous species by Leuchtmann (1984) and didymosporous species by Aptroot (1995) were added in this genus), which has obviously become heterogenic. Barr (2001) assigned species of Montagnula into different genera, i.e. Kalmusia and Didymosphaerella, respectively and introduced Montagnulaceae to accommodate all of these genera. Phylogenetic study Montagnula opulenta forms a robust phylogenetic clade with species of Bimuria, Curreya, Didymocrea, Letendraea, Paraphaeosphaeria, Phaeodothis and Karstenula, which might represent a familial group (Schoch et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2009a). A more convincing conclusion can only be obtained following sequence data from more verified fungi being added to the phylogenetic tree. Concluding remarks One striking character of Montagnula infernalis is the very long ascal pedicel once it is released from the ascomata. However, this character appears to have evolved more than once and can be found in Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus Shearer which clusters with Helicascus (Shearer et al. 2009). The same ascus character is also found in Xenolophium and Ostropella in the Platystomaceae (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b). Montagnula opulenta is a didymosporous species, but phylogenetically closely related to those dictyosporous (Karstenula rhodostoma) and phragmosporous (Paraphaeosphaeria michotii) members of Montagnulaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a). This might indicate that compared to other morphological characters, ascospore type is not a valid character at family level classification. Moristroma A.I. Romero & Samuels, Sydowia 43: 246 (1991). (<strong>Pleosporales</strong>, genera incertae sedis) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, solitary, scattered, or in small groups, superficial, cushion-like, circular in outline, wall black, roughened, containing numerous locules. Peridium thin, 1-layered. Hamathecium of dense, long filliform pseudoparaphyses, 2–3 μm broad, septate, branching. Asci polysporous, with a short, laterally displaced, sometimes papillate knob-shaped pedicel, apex very thick walled, bitunicate, fissitunicate, obclavate, ocular chamber not observed. Polyspores oblong to cylindrical, hyaline, non-septate. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Eriksson 2006; Romero and Samuels 1991. Type species Moristroma polysporum A.I. Romero & Samuels, Sydowia 43: 246 (1991). (Fig. 62) Ascomata 100–210 μm high×340–600 μm diam., solitary, scattered, or in small groups of 2–3, superficial, with basal wall remaining immersed in host tissue, cushion-like, circular in outline, wall black, roughened, containing numerous locules, each locule 120–240 μm diam., ostiolate (Fig. 62a and b). Peridium 14–30 μm thick, 1-layered, composed of small heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells2–4 μm diam., cell wall 1.5–3 μm thick, peridium between the locules hyaline (Fig. 62b and c). Hamathecium of dense, long filliform pseudoparaphyses, 2– 3 μm broad, septate, branching. Asci 44–60×12–14 μm (x ¼ 54:3 13mm, n=10), polysporous, with a short, papillate knob-shaped pedicel, apex very thick-walled, bitunicate, fissitunicate, obclavate, ocular chamber not observed (Fig. 62d and e). Polyspores 3–4(−5)×0.6–1.2 μm, oblong to cylindrical, hyaline, non-septate, smooth (Fig. 62f). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Ramallo, on Eucalyptus viminalis Labill., May 1982, Romero
Fungal Diversity Fig. 61 Montagnula infernalis (from M 1183, holotype). a Appearance of ascomata immersed in host tissue. b Section of an immersed ascoma. Note the hyaline closely adhering cells in the ostiole region. c Section of the peridium comprising a few layers of cells. d An immature ascus with a long pedicel. e, g Mature muriform ascospores in asci. f Cellular pseudoparaphyses. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b, c=100 μm, d–g=20 μm 27/4-13 (BAFC 32036, holotype); Nov. 1982, on decorticated wood, Romero 35/4-13 (BAFC 32037, paratype). Notes Morphology Moristroma was formally established by Romero and Samuels (1991) based on its “cushion-shaped ascomata containing lots of locules with numerous asci inside, asci obclavate, polysporous, with a knob-shaped pedicel”. The bitunicate asci and numerous cellular pseudoparaphyses undoubtedly point it to <strong>Pleosporales</strong>, while the familial placement of Moristroma is uncertain, and it was temporarily assigned to Dacampiaceae by Romero and Samuels (1991), but no 3-layered peridium is found. Eriksson (2006) assignedittoTeichosporaceae. Phylogenetic study None. Concluding remarks The familial status of Moristroma cannot be determined yet.
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 28 Dothidotth
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 29 Dubitatio
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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