Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.
Literature: Ahmed and Asad 1968; Ahmed and Cain 1972;
Kirschstein 1944; de Notaris 1849.
Type species
Sporormia fimetaria De Not., Micromyc. Ital. Novi 5: 10
(1845). (Fig. 91)
Ascomata 100–150 μm diam., solitary, scattered,
immersed to erumpent, globose, subglobose, wall
black; apex without obvious papilla, ostiolate
(Fig. 91a). Peridium thin (other characters unknown).
Hamathecium of rare, 2–3 μm wide, septate pseudoparaphyses.
Asci 70–100×13–18 μm (x ¼ 86:4 14:9mm,
n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence not
observed, shortly cylindrical, with a short, narrowed,
furcate pedicel up to 20 μm long, no apical apparatus
could be observed (Fig. 91b, c and d). Ascospores 50–
58×4–5 μm (x ¼ 54:7 4:8mm, n =10), fasciculate,
broadly filliform, reddish brown, with 16 cells, easily
separating into partspores, central cells of the ascospores
shorter than broad, rectangular in vertical section, round
in transverse section, 4–5×2.5–3.5 μm, without visible
germ-slits or pores, apical cells usually longer than
broad, 5–6.5 μm long, also without apertures (sheath is
reported (Ahmed and Cain 1972), but not observed in
this study) (Fig. 91e).
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: 1832, (RO, type, as Hormospora
fimetaria De Not.).
Notes
Morphology
Sporormia was formally established by de Notaris (1849),
and only one species was described, i.e. S. fimetaria, which
subsequently was selected as the generic type. Sporormia
sensu stricto was accepted by several workers, and only
includes members with a fasciculate ascospore arrangement,
parallel to the ascus, and the part cells of the ascospores
lacking germ-slits (Ahmed and Asad 1968; Ahmed and Cain
1972; Kirschstein 1944). Species whose ascospores are not
fasciculate and have partspores with germ-slits were assigned
to Sporormiopsis by Kirschstein (1944) andtoSporormiella
by Ahmed and Cain (1972).
Phylogenetic study
The generic status of Sporormia in Pleosporales was
verified based on a phylogenetic analysis of ITS-nLSU
rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and ß-tubulin sequences (Kruys and
Wedin 2009). Sporormia clustered together with species of
Westerdykella (including Eremodothis and Pycnidiophora),
but lacks clear statistical support. Thus, the relationship of
Sporormia with other genera of Sporormiaceae is unclear
and not resolved yet.
Concluding remarks
Several coprophilous taxa (e.g. Chaetopreussia and
Pleophragmia as well as Sporormiella nigropurpurea) in
the Pleosporales were not included in the study by Kruys
and Wedin (2009). Strains of these genera need to be
collected and analyzed and their relationship with Sporormia
established.
Trematosphaeria Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24:
161 (1870). (Trematosphaeriaceae)
Generic description
Habitat terrestrial or freshwater, saprobic. Ascomata
subglobose, unilocular, erumpent to superficial, with
papillate ostiole. Peridium thin, comprising several cell
types. Hamathecium of dense, delicate, filliform, septate
pseudoparaphyses. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindro-clavate, normally 8-spored. Ascospores
ellipsoid-fusoid to biconic, septate, smooth to finely
verruculose, brown.
Anamorphs reported for genus: hyphopodia-like (Zhang
et al. 2008a).
Literature: von Arx and Müller 1975; Barr 1979a;
Boise 1985; Clements and Shear 1931; Zhang et al.
2008a.
Type species
Trematosphaeria pertusa (Pers.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver.
Naturk. 23–24: 161 (1870). (Fig. 92)
≡ Sphaeria pertusa Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen)
1: 83 (1801).
Ascomata 350–550 μm high×320–480 μm diam.,
solitary, scattered, or in groups, initially immersed, becoming
erumpent, to semi-immersed, subglobose, black; apex
with a short ostiole usually slightly conical and widely
porate, to 100 μm high (Fig. 92a and b). Peridium 48–
55 μm wide laterally, to 80 μm at the apex, thinner at the
base, 30–40 μm thick, coriaceous, 3-layered, comprising
several cell types, one is of small heavily pigmented thickwalled
cells of textura angularis, cells 4–8 μm diam., cell
wall 1.5–3 μm thick in places with columns of textura
prismatica orientated perpendicular to the ascomatal surface,
apex cells smaller and walls thicker, forming thickwalled
cells of textura pseudoparenchymata, and larger,
paler cells of mixture of textura epidermoidea and textura
angularis at the base (Fig. 92b, c and h). Hamathecium of
dense, filamentous, 1.5–2.5 μm broad, septate pseudoparaphyses,
embedded in mucilage, branching and anastomos-