Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
Ascostromata black, immersed, penetrating into the
substrate with dark brown hyphae. Ascomata up to
680 μm high×540 μm diam., solitary, immersed or
erumpent, subglobose to pyriform, subiculate or nonsubiculate,
papillate or epapillate, ostiolate, periphysate, carbonaceous
(Fig. 73a). Peridium thick. Hamathecium of long
trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, 1–1.5 μm broad. Asci 90–
130×12–17 μm (x ¼ 116 15mm, n=10), bitunicate, fissitunicate,
cylindrical, 8-spored, uniseriate, with a short
furcate pedicel, without apical apparatus (Fig. 73b, c and
d). Ascospores 17.5–25×10–12.5 μm (x ¼ 21 11mm, n=
10), ellipsoid to broadly fusoid with broadly rounded ends,
1-septate, constricted at the septum, hyaline, smooth-walled,
surrounded by a gelatinous sheath that contracts to form a
lateral, lentiform, viscous appendage over the septum, 7.5–
12.5 μm diam., 1–3 μm thick (Fig. 73e, f, g and h).
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: USA, Florida, Charlotte Harbor in
Punta Garda, 10 Jan. 1964, leg., det. J. J. Kohlmeyer (Herb.
J. Kohlmeyer No. 1720).
Notes
Morphology
Paraliomyces was introduced to accommodate the
marine fungus P. lentifer, which is characterized by
immersed ascomata produced within the ascostroma,
trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical, 8-spored asci,
ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores surrounded by a
gelatinous sheath, which forms a lentiform, viscous
appendage over the septum (Kohlmeyer 1959).
Phylogenetic study
Based on analysis of SSU sequences, Paraliomyces
lentifer nested within Pleosporales, but its familial status
was left undetermined (Tam et al. 2003).
Concluding remarks
None.
Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 23: 93 (1909).
(Phaeosphaeriaceae)
Generic description
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic or hemibiotrophic. Ascomata
small, solitary, scattered, or in small groups, immersed,
globose, subglobose, wall black. Apex with a pore-like
ostiole. Peridium thin. Hamathecium of dense, filliform,
septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
broadly cylindrical to narrowly fusoid, with a
short pedicel. Ascospores fusoid to narrowly fusoid, pale
brown to brown, 3-septate.
Fig. 72 Ostropella albocincta (K(M): 143941, syntype). a Ascomata
gregarious on host surface. b Section of the partial peridium. Note the
peridium comprising two cell types and the whitening tissue
(arrowed). c Pseudoparaphyses. d, e Asci with long pedicel. f–
h Ascospores, which are strongly constricted at the central septum.
Scale bars: a=1 mm, b=100 μm, d, e, h=20 μm, c, g, f=10 μm
Anamorphs reported for genus: Amarenographium,
Hendersonia-like, Phaeoseptoria, Scolecosporiella and
Stagonospora (Hyde et al. 2011; Leuchtmann 1984;
Shoemaker and Babcock 1989b).
Literature: von Arx and Müller 1975; Câmara et al.
2002; Eriksson 1967a, 1981; Holm 1957; Khashnobish and
Shearer 1996; Leuchtmann 1984; Miyake 1909; Shoemaker
and Babcock 1989b.
Type species
Phaeosphaeria oryzae I. Miyake, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 23:
136 (1909). (Fig. 74)
Ascomata 120–140 μm high×100–140 μm diam.,
solitary, scattered, or in small groups, immersed, globose,
subglobose, wall black, forming black spots on the leaves
of hosts (Fig. 74a). Apex with a pore-like ostiole. Peridium
4–8 μm wide at the sides, composed of heavily pigmented
thin-walled cells of textura angularis, cells 2–2.5×3–5 μm
diam., cell wall less than 1 μm thick (Fig. 74b). Hamathecium
of dense, long cellular pseudoparaphyses 2–2.5 μm
broad, embedded in mucilage, rarely branched, septate. Asci
53–80(−90)×7–10 μm (x ¼ 65:3 8:3mm, n=10), 8-
spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to
narrowly fusoid, with a short pedicel which is ca. 8μm
long, with a small ocular chamber and an inconspicuous
apical apparatus (to 2 μm wide×1 μm high) (Fig. 74c, d
and e). Ascospores 17– 22(− 28)×4– 5 μ m
(x ¼ 20:5 4:6mm, n=10), obliquely uniseriate, partially
overlapping or biseriate, narrowly fusoid with rounded ends,
pale brown, 3-septate, slightly constricted at primary septum,
granulate (Fig. 74f and g).
Anamorph: none reported.
Material examined: JAPAN, Suruya, Shizuoka, on the
leaves of Oryza sativa, Sept. 1907 (S nr F9572, F9573,
lectotype).
Notes
Morphology
Phaeosphaeria was introduced by Miyake (1909), but
was regarded as a synonym of Leptosphaeria for a long
time. Holm (1957), however, reinstated Phaeosphaeria,
assigning some Leptosphaeria sensu lato species with
relatively small ascomata and which occurred on monocotyledons
to Phaeosphaeria. Although this division based
b