Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
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Fungal Diversity<br />
pseudoparenchymatous cells, filliform, septate and branched<br />
pseudoparaphyses, and thin-walled cylindrical or broadly<br />
clavate asci. Ascospores are distinctively hyaline or pale<br />
brown, filliform, and strongly helicoid to loosely coiled in<br />
the asci (Sivanesan 1984). The anamorphs of Cochliobolus<br />
belong to Bipolaris and Curvularia (Sivanesan 1984).<br />
Bipolaris and Curvularia can be distinguished by characters<br />
of conidial morphology, conidial germination, hilum structure,<br />
conidial septum and wall structure, conidial septum<br />
ontogeny (Sivanesan 1987). Multigene phylogenetic analysis<br />
indicated that Cochliobolus heterostrophus and C. sativus (S.<br />
Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur nested within the clade of<br />
Pleosporaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Thus, its<br />
familial placement is confirmed.<br />
Comoclathris Clem., Gen. fung. (Minneapolis): 37, 173<br />
(1909).<br />
Type species: Comoclathris lanata Clem. [as ‘Comochlatris’],<br />
Gen. fung. (Minneapolis) (1909).<br />
Comoclathris is temporarily placed in Diademaceae, and<br />
its pivotal characters are the circular lid-like opening and<br />
applanate reddish-brown to dark reddish-brown muriform<br />
ascospores with single longitudinal septa (versus two or<br />
more rows of longitudinal septa of Clathrospora) (Shoemaker<br />
and Babcock 1992). Barr (1990b) treated it as a synonym of<br />
Graphyllium. Comoclathris has been linked with an Alternaria-like<br />
anamorphs (Simmons 1952), which may suggest<br />
its close relationship with Pleosporaceae.<br />
Coronopapilla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94:<br />
686 (1990).<br />
Type species: Coronopapilla avellina Kohlm. & Volkm.-<br />
Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 687 (1990).<br />
Coronopapilla is characterized by immersed ascomata<br />
with a conical papilla, thin peridium, 8-spored and thickwalled,<br />
cylindrical and fissitunicate asci. Ascospores are<br />
ellipsoidal, 1-3-septate, brown and distoseptate. Coronopapilla<br />
avellina is an obligate marine species, and was originally<br />
assigned to Didymosphaeriaceae (Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-<br />
Kohlmeyer 1990). The marine habitat of Coronopapilla<br />
makes it readily distinguishable from Didymosphaeria futilis<br />
(the generic type of Didymosphaeria). Thus, the familial<br />
placement of Coronopapilla is yet to be determined.<br />
Cucurbitaria Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 508, 519<br />
(1821).<br />
Type species: Cucurbitaria berberidis (Pers.) Gray, Nat.<br />
Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 508, 519 (1821).<br />
≡ Sphaeria berberidis Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 83<br />
(1794).<br />
A narrow generic concept of Cucurbitaria was accepted<br />
by Welch (1926), who restricted Cucurbitaria to five<br />
closely related species, which have turbinate ascomata that<br />
develop cespitosely in a massive subiculum or over<br />
compressed stromatic tissues and have a thick and obconoid<br />
base. A broader generic concept was accepted by Mirza<br />
(1968), who also included species with globose or ovoid to<br />
pyriform ascomata that are gregarious on the substrate with<br />
only sparse subiculum and lack an obconoid region in the<br />
base of the locule. Barr (1990b) accepted an intermediate<br />
concept, and described 11 related species from North<br />
America. Currently, 450 species are accepted in Cucurbitaria<br />
(http://www.mycobank.org/mycotaxo.aspx), and the<br />
genus was assigned to Cucurbitariaceae. In this study, an<br />
isolate of C. berberidis clustered with some species of<br />
Pyrenochaeta and Didymosphaeria futilis, and they get<br />
moderate bootstrap support (Plate 1). Cucurbitariaceae<br />
may be another family within Pleosporineae.<br />
Curreya Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 651 (1883).<br />
Type species: Curreya conorum (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung.<br />
(Abellini) 2: 651 (1883).<br />
Curreya is a contentious genus which had been assigned to<br />
Pleospora (Barr 1981). von Arx and van der Aa (1983),<br />
however, maintained it as distinct, because of its Coniothyrium<br />
anamorph, and considered Curreya should be closely<br />
related to Didymosphaeria, Melanomma, Paraphaeosphaeria<br />
or Massarina. Because of the small sclerotial cells of its<br />
peridium, the narrower, thinner-walled asci and its Coniothyrium-like<br />
anamorph, Barr (1990b) assigned it to the<br />
Leptosphaeriaceae. Previous phylogenetic studies indicated<br />
that a strain of Curreya pityophila (J.C. Schmidt & Kunze)<br />
Petr. nested within Massarineae (Kruys et al. 2006).<br />
Decorospora Inderb., Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia<br />
94: 657 (2002).<br />
Type species: Decorospora gaudefroyi (Pat.) Inderb.,<br />
Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 94: 657 (2002).<br />
≡ Pleospora gaudefroyi Pat., Tabl. analyt. Fung. France<br />
(Paris) 10: 40 (no. 602) (1886).<br />
Decorospora gaudefroyi (as Pleospora gaudefroyi) had<br />
been considered a synonym of Pleospora herbarum,<br />
despite its striking sheath of ascospores (Wehmeyer<br />
1961). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial<br />
SSU and ITS rDNA sequences indicated that Decorospora<br />
gaudefroyi was a sister taxon in the Pleosporaceae<br />
represented by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Cochliobolus<br />
sativus, Pleospora herbarum, Pyrenophora triticirepentis<br />
(Died.) Drechsler and Setosphaeria rostrata K.J.<br />
Leonard (Inderbitzin et al. 2002). Decorospora was<br />
introduced as a monotypic genus represented by Decorospora<br />
gaudefroyi, which is characterized by black ascomata<br />
becoming superficial on the substrate at maturity,<br />
septate and branched pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate, clavate<br />
asci, as well as yellowish brown ascospores with seven<br />
transverse septa and one to three longitudinal septa in each