Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Massarina Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 153 (1883). emend. (Massarinaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata immersed or superficial, scattered or clustered, globose, conical globose to lenticular, papillate or epapillate, ostiolate. Hamathecium of dense, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci clavate to cylindrical, with short pedicels. Ascospores ellipsoid to fusoid, hyaline, 1- to 3-septate, with or without mucilaginous sheath. Anamorphs reported for genus: Ceratophoma (Sivanesan 1984). Literature: Aptroot 1998; Barr 1990a; Bose 1961; Eriksson and Yue 1986; Hyde 1995a; Hyde and Aptroot 1998; Liew et al. 2002; Saccardo 1883; Sivanesan 1984; Tanaka and Harada 2003d; Zhang et al. 2009a, b. Type species Massarina eburnea (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 153 (1883). (Fig. 55) ≡ Massaria eburnea Tul. & C. Tul., Sel. Fung. Carp. 2: 239 (1863). Ascomata to 250 μm high×500–700 μm diam., solitary or in small clusters, forming under raised dome-shaped areas, with blackened centres, with a central ostiole, immersed within the cortex of thin dead branches, ellipsoidal, rounded from above, clypeate, neck central, short and barely noticeable on host surface (Fig. 55a). Clypeus ca. 250 μm diam., 60 μm thick, brown, comprising compact brown-walled cells of textura angularis to globulosa beneath host epidermal cells (Fig. 55b). Peridium ca. 20 μm thick comprising 3–5 layers of hyaline compressed cells, fusing at the outside with the host (Fig. 55e). Hamathecium filamentous, cellular pseudoparaphyses, ca. 2 μm broad, septate, embedded in mucilage, without anastomosing (Fig. 55d). Asci 108–170×18–22 μm (x ¼ 144:5 18:8mm, n=10), 8-spored, cylindro-clavate, pedunculate, bitunicate, fissitunicate, (1-)2-seriate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber and faint ring (J-) (Fig. 55c and f). Ascospores 30–38×8–12 μm (x ¼ 32:4 8:6mm, n= 10), fusoid to ellipsoid, 4-celled, constricted at the septa, hyaline, with acute rounded ends and surrounded by (5– 8 μm diam.) mucilaginous sheath (Fig. 55g). Anamorph: Ceratophoma sp. (Sivanesan 1984). Material examined: FRANCE, on twig of Fagus sp., (Desmazières 1764. P, holotype of Sphaeria pupula var minor), (Mycotheca universalis no. 1951 lectotype). AUS- TRIA, Silesia, Karlsbrunn, on dead twigs of Fagus sylvatica L., Aug. and Sept. 1890, Niessl., De Thümen, sub. Massarina eburnea, ETH. Saxonia, Königsbrunn, on twigs of Fagus sylvatica, Apr. 1882, W. Krieger, Rabenhorst & Winter, Fungi europaei no. 2767, ETH; FRANCE, on a dead twig of Fagus sylvatica, Deux Sèvres, Villiers en Bois, Forêt de Chizé, Rimbaud, 14 Apr. 2008, leg. det. Paul Leroy (IFRD 2006). Notes Morphology Massarina was introduced by Saccardo (1883) for species of pyrenocarpous ascomycetes that had previously been placed in Massaria, but typically had hyaline ascospores (Bose 1961). The family Massarinaceae was described by Munk (1956) to accommodate Massarina. This family was not commonly used and Massarina was later placed within the Lophiostomataceae in the <strong>Pleosporales</strong> (Barr 1990a; Bose 1961; Eriksson and Yue 1986). Of the 160 epithets listed in his monograph, Aptroot accepted only 43 species (Aptroot 1998). The concept of Massarina was widely accepted as having single or aggregated, immersed to erumpent, spherical to hemispherical, pseudothecioid ascomata; cellular pseudoparaphyses; bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate or obpyriform asci; and hyaline, 1–3(−7)-septate, fusoid to long ellipsoid ascospores that mostly have a mucilaginous sheath or appendages (Aptroot 1998; Hyde and Aptroot 1998; Tanaka and Harada 2003d). In the holotype of Sphaeria pupula var. minor (P) and lectotype of Massarina eburnea (ETH), ascospores are reported as “not constricted at the septa” (Hyde 1995a). However, in one of our recent collections, ascospores that are constricted at their septa were observed (Fig. 55g), which was consistent with the description by Fallah and Shearer (2001). This might be because this character is not clear in the old (over 100 years) and dry herbarium specimens, or it may be variable between collections. Phylogenetic study Recent morphological, molecular and anamorphic results indicate, however, that Massarina is polyphyletic (Hyde 1995a; Kirk et al. 2001; Liew et al. 2002). Based on the rDNA dataset, Massarina cisti and the type of Massarina (M. eburnea) forms a robust clade representing Massarina sensu stricto (Zhang et al. 2009a, b). Concluding remarks Massarina sensu stricto should be accepted, which seems to only include some terrestrial and saprobic species. Massariosphaeria (E. Müll.) Crivelli, Diss. Eidgenöss. Techn. Hochschule Zürich 7318: 141 (1983). (?Amniculicolaceae) ≡ Leptosphaeria subgen. Massariosphaeria E. Müll., Sydowia 4: 206 (1950).
Fungal Diversity Fig. 55 Massarina eburnea (from IFRD 2006). a Ascomata on the host surface. b Section of an ascoma. c Ascus with a short pedicel. d Cellular pseudoparaphyses. e Section of the peridium comprising a few layers of compressed cells. f Asci in pseudoparaphyses. g Three-septate ascospores. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b=100 μm, c–g=20 μm Generic description Habitat terrestrial or freshwater, saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, scattered, or in small groups, immersed, erumpent to superficial, subglobose, black; apex with a wide and usually somewhat compressed papilla. Peridium thick or thin, usually thicker near the apex, composed of 2–3 layers of thick walled scleroparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium of dense, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short, thick, furcate pedicel. Ascospores fusoid to narrowly ellipsoid, brown or dark brown, multi-septate. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Barr1989c; Huhndorf et al. 1990; Kohlmeyer et al. 1996; Müller 1950; Tanaka and Harada 2004;Tanakaetal.2005. Type species Massariosphaeria phaeospora (E. Müll.) Crivelli, Ueber die Heterogene Ascomycetengattung Pleospora Rabh.; Vorschlag für eine Aufteilung (Diss. Eid genössischen Tech Hochsch Zürich 7318): 141 (1983). (Fig. 56) ≡ Leptosphaeria phaeospora E. Müll., Sydowia 4: 208 (1950). Ascomata 400–550 μm high×300–500 μm diam., scattered, or in small groups, immersed, semi-immersed, subglobose, black, apex wide papilla, sometimes slightly compressed, 40–70(−100) μm broad (Fig. 56a). Peridium
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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