Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity minute, unilocular, setose pseudothecia with 2–3 wall layers; brown, fusoid, 1-septate ascospores, and an anamorphic stage (Phoma muscivora M.L. Davey & Currah) (Davey and Currah 2009). Based on an ITS rDNA sequences analysis, Atradidymella nested within Didymellaceae (Davey and Currah 2009). Bertiella (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd., in Saccardo, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 14: 19 (1899). ≡ Bertia subgen. Bertiella Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 1: 584 (1882). Type species: Bertiella macrospora (Sacc.) Sacc. & Traverso, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 19: 147 (1910). ≡ Bertia macrospora Sacc., Michelia 1(no. 8): 452 (1882). Bertia subg. Bertiella was raised to generic rank by Saccardo (1899), and is typified by B. macrospora. After studying the type specimen of B. macrospora, Eriksson and Yue (1986) assigned it to Massarina (as M. macrospora (Sacc.) O.E. Erikss. & J.Z. Yue). Concurrently, Bertiella is treated as a synonym of Massarina. Hydeetal.(2002) assigned Bertia macrospora to Lophiostoma as (L. bertiellum Aptroot & K.D. Hyde). The superficial ascomata, cylindro-clavate asci and hyaline 1-septate ascospores which may become 3-septate and pale brown when senescent and, in particular, the woody habitat indicate that B. macrospora may be related to Lophiostoma sensu Holm and Holm (1988). A single isolate of Bertiella macrospora clusters with Byssosphaeria in the Melanommataceae in a recent DNA based phylogeny (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b). The relationship between Bertiella and Byssosphaeria needs further study. Byssothecium Fuckel, Bot. Ztg. 19: 251 (1861). Type species: Byssothecium circinans Fuckel, Bot. Ztg. 19: 251 (1861). The isotype of Byssothecium circinans is in FH as exiccatae (Fungi rhenani 730c); it was described by Boise (1983) and could not be loaned. Byssothecium circinans is regarded as a saprobe or weak parasite of Medicago sativa (Semeniuk 1983), and a Pleospora-type centrum was observed (Boise 1983). A Chaetophoma-like anamorph was produced in culture, however, no culture or herbarium specimen is listed (Boise 1983). Boise (1983) regarded Byssothecium circinans as closely related to Teichospora, however, confirmation is required. An isolate of Byssothecium circinans was sequenced and a multigene phylogeny placed it in close proximity to members of Massarinaceae (Schoch et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Caryospora De Not., Micr. Ital. Novi 9: 7 (1855). Type species: Caryospora putaminum (Schwein.) De Not., Micr. Ital., Dec. 9: 7 (1855). After studying the Caryospora species in North America, Barr (1979b) indicated that species of Caryospora may closely relate to Trematosphaeria. Boise (1985) distinguished Caryospora from Trematosphaeria based on the structure of ascospores. Currently, 17 taxa, from freshwater, marine, or terrestrial habitats (Raja and Shearer 2008), are included within Caryospora and might be polyphyletic. Celtidia J.D. Janse, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 14: 202 (1897). Type species: Celtidia duplicispora J.D. Janse, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 14: 202 (1897). Celtidia is a monotypic genus, which is characterized by its echinulate ascospores (Hawksworth 1979). It is only known from an illustration accompanying the original description from root nodules of Celtis in Java. A new collection is needed for further study of this genus. Chaetopreussia Locq.-Lin., Revue Mycol., Paris 41: 185 (1977). Type species: Chaetopreussia chadefaudii Locq.-Lin., Revue Mycol., Paris 41: 187 (1977). Chaetopreussia is a monotypic genus characterized by cleistothecioid ascomata with seta, and 3-septate ascospores without germ slits. Recent molecular analysis has shown that cleistothecioid ascomata and the presence of germ slits lack significance at the generic rank (Kruys and Wedin 2009). Chaetopreussia is possibly another synonym of Preussia. Clathrospora Rabenh., Hedwigia 1(18): 116 (1857). Type species: Clathrospora elynae Rabenh., Hedwigia 1: 116 (1857). The most striking character of Clathrospora is its ascomata opening with an intraepidermal discoid lid and muriform applanate ascospores with more than one row of longitudinal septa (Shoemaker and Babcock 1992). The form of opening and applanate ascospores, however, might have limited significance at generic rank and thus, Clathrospora may be closely related to Pleosporaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on nLSU, nSSU and mtSSU indicate that C. diplospora (Ellis & Everh.) Sacc. & Traverso nests in Pleosporaceae (Kruys et al. 2006). Clathrospora elynae is saprobic on monocots (Shoemaker and Babcock 1992). Cochliobolus Drechsler, Phytopathology 24: 973 (1934). Type species: Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler, Phytopathology 24: 973 (1934). Cochliobolus and its asexual relatives are well studied taxa in <strong>Pleosporales</strong> because of their economic importance. Cochliobolus includes both saprobic and pathogenic species that are significant monocot pathogens worldwide, which attack corn, rice, barley, sugarcane, wheat, and oats, all major cereal crops. Cochliobolus is characterized by globose or subglobose ascomata with a well defined long ostiolar papilla or cylindrical neck, a peridium composed of
Fungal Diversity pseudoparenchymatous cells, filliform, septate and branched pseudoparaphyses, and thin-walled cylindrical or broadly clavate asci. Ascospores are distinctively hyaline or pale brown, filliform, and strongly helicoid to loosely coiled in the asci (Sivanesan 1984). The anamorphs of Cochliobolus belong to Bipolaris and Curvularia (Sivanesan 1984). Bipolaris and Curvularia can be distinguished by characters of conidial morphology, conidial germination, hilum structure, conidial septum and wall structure, conidial septum ontogeny (Sivanesan 1987). Multigene phylogenetic analysis indicated that Cochliobolus heterostrophus and C. sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur nested within the clade of Pleosporaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Thus, its familial placement is confirmed. Comoclathris Clem., Gen. fung. (Minneapolis): 37, 173 (1909). Type species: Comoclathris lanata Clem. [as ‘Comochlatris’], Gen. fung. (Minneapolis) (1909). Comoclathris is temporarily placed in Diademaceae, and its pivotal characters are the circular lid-like opening and applanate reddish-brown to dark reddish-brown muriform ascospores with single longitudinal septa (versus two or more rows of longitudinal septa of Clathrospora) (Shoemaker and Babcock 1992). Barr (1990b) treated it as a synonym of Graphyllium. Comoclathris has been linked with an Alternaria-like anamorphs (Simmons 1952), which may suggest its close relationship with Pleosporaceae. Coronopapilla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 686 (1990). Type species: Coronopapilla avellina Kohlm. & Volkm.- Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 687 (1990). Coronopapilla is characterized by immersed ascomata with a conical papilla, thin peridium, 8-spored and thickwalled, cylindrical and fissitunicate asci. Ascospores are ellipsoidal, 1-3-septate, brown and distoseptate. Coronopapilla avellina is an obligate marine species, and was originally assigned to Didymosphaeriaceae (Kohlmeyer and Volkmann- Kohlmeyer 1990). The marine habitat of Coronopapilla makes it readily distinguishable from Didymosphaeria futilis (the generic type of Didymosphaeria). Thus, the familial placement of Coronopapilla is yet to be determined. Cucurbitaria Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 508, 519 (1821). Type species: Cucurbitaria berberidis (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 508, 519 (1821). ≡ Sphaeria berberidis Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 83 (1794). A narrow generic concept of Cucurbitaria was accepted by Welch (1926), who restricted Cucurbitaria to five closely related species, which have turbinate ascomata that develop cespitosely in a massive subiculum or over compressed stromatic tissues and have a thick and obconoid base. A broader generic concept was accepted by Mirza (1968), who also included species with globose or ovoid to pyriform ascomata that are gregarious on the substrate with only sparse subiculum and lack an obconoid region in the base of the locule. Barr (1990b) accepted an intermediate concept, and described 11 related species from North America. Currently, 450 species are accepted in Cucurbitaria (http://www.mycobank.org/mycotaxo.aspx), and the genus was assigned to Cucurbitariaceae. In this study, an isolate of C. berberidis clustered with some species of Pyrenochaeta and Didymosphaeria futilis, and they get moderate bootstrap support (Plate 1). Cucurbitariaceae may be another family within Pleosporineae. Curreya Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 651 (1883). Type species: Curreya conorum (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 651 (1883). Curreya is a contentious genus which had been assigned to Pleospora (Barr 1981). von Arx and van der Aa (1983), however, maintained it as distinct, because of its Coniothyrium anamorph, and considered Curreya should be closely related to Didymosphaeria, Melanomma, Paraphaeosphaeria or Massarina. Because of the small sclerotial cells of its peridium, the narrower, thinner-walled asci and its Coniothyrium-like anamorph, Barr (1990b) assigned it to the Leptosphaeriaceae. Previous phylogenetic studies indicated that a strain of Curreya pityophila (J.C. Schmidt & Kunze) Petr. nested within Massarineae (Kruys et al. 2006). Decorospora Inderb., Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 94: 657 (2002). Type species: Decorospora gaudefroyi (Pat.) Inderb., Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 94: 657 (2002). ≡ Pleospora gaudefroyi Pat., Tabl. analyt. Fung. France (Paris) 10: 40 (no. 602) (1886). Decorospora gaudefroyi (as Pleospora gaudefroyi) had been considered a synonym of Pleospora herbarum, despite its striking sheath of ascospores (Wehmeyer 1961). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial SSU and ITS rDNA sequences indicated that Decorospora gaudefroyi was a sister taxon in the Pleosporaceae represented by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Cochliobolus sativus, Pleospora herbarum, Pyrenophora triticirepentis (Died.) Drechsler and Setosphaeria rostrata K.J. Leonard (Inderbitzin et al. 2002). Decorospora was introduced as a monotypic genus represented by Decorospora gaudefroyi, which is characterized by black ascomata becoming superficial on the substrate at maturity, septate and branched pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate, clavate asci, as well as yellowish brown ascospores with seven transverse septa and one to three longitudinal septa in each
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 16 Byssolophi
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Fungal Diversity Moreau 1953; Munk
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 28 Dothidotth
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 29 Dubitatio
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 33 Hadrospora
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 34 Halotthia
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology H
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Fungal Diversity some effused Hypox
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 38 Isthmospor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 39 Kalmusia e
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Fungal Diversity furcate pedicel an
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 46 Lewia scro
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 47 Lichenopyr
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Fungal Diversity Loculohypoxylon M.
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Fungal Diversity cells small heavil
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Fungal Diversity (CBS 627.86) was i
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 54 Mamillisph
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 55 Massarina
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Fungal Diversity phaeria as a synon
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Fungal Diversity 5-8 μm diam., ind
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Fungal Diversity cell wall
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 60 Mixtura sa
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 61 Montagnula
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Fungal Diversity spored, bitunicate
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 64 Murispora
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Fungal Diversity Type species Neoph
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Fungal Diversity brown, 8-septate,
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 68 Ohleria mo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 69 Ohleriella
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 70 Ophiobolus
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Fungal Diversity Type species Ostro
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Fungal Diversity ium thin, composed
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Page 219 and 220: Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
Page 221: Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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