Fungal Diversity at the septa, dark brown, the apical cells paler with no longitudinal septa, verruculose (Fig. 14e and f). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Wairarapa District, Nutty Farm, isolated from soil, 3 Mar. 1978, Chea Chark Yen & J.E. Sheridan (<strong>CBS</strong> 107.79, isotype). Notes Morphology Bimuria novae-zelandiae was first isolated from soil of a barley field in New Zealand (Hawksworth et al. 1979). Based on B. novae-zelandiae, the genus is characterized by a very thin peridium, mostly 2-spored and fissitunicate asci as well as the muriform, dark brown, verrucose ascospores (Hawksworth et al. 1979). Because of its unique morphological characters, the familial placement of this genus has been debatable and it has been placed in Pleosporaceae (Hawksworth et al. 1979), in Phaeosphaeriaceae (Barr 1987b)andinMelanommataceae (Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007). Morphologically, Bimuria is most comparable with some superficially similar or allied genera, in particular Montagnula (Hawksworth et al. 1979). However, the thick carbonaceous peridium distinguishes Montagnula from that of Bimuria (Hawksworth et al. 1979). In addition, the ascospores of Montagnula are discharged forcibly through the ostiole instead of forming a mass outside of the ostiole as in Bimuria (Hawksworth et al. 1979). Ascomauritiana lignicola V.M. Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde has somewhat similar ascospores in 4-spored asci, but this taxon has unitunicate asci (Ranghoo and Hyde 1999). The morphological characters of Bimuria, such as ascospore release and large, thick-walled ascospores may be an adaptation to its soil-borne habitat (Hawksworth et al. 1979). Phylogenetic study Bimuria novae-zelandiae was found to be closely related to Phaeodothis winteri (Niessl) Aptroot (syn. Didymosphaerella opulenta (De Not.) Checa & M.E. Barr) and Montagnula opulenta (De Not.) Aptroot in analysis of combined sequences, i.e. SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, RPB2 and TEF1 sequences (Schoch et al. 2006, 2009). These two species had been included by Barr (2001) in her new family Montagnulaceae. Concluding remarks We agree with Barr (2001) and include the genus in Montagnulaceae based on both morphological and phylogenetic characters. Bricookea M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 15: 346 (1982). (?Phaeosphaeriaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic (or parasitic?). Ascomata small- to medium-sized, solitary, scattered, or in small groups, immersed, erumpent to superficial, depressed globose, papillate, ostiolate. Peridium thin. Hamathecium filliform, cellular pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing, septate. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, cylindroclavate or slightly obclavate, with a short knob-like pedicel, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid to narrowly obovoid, 3-septate, constricted at each septum. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature:Barr1982a;Berlese1896;Holm1957; Shoemaker and Babcock 1989a. Type species Bricookea sepalorum (Vleugel) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 15: 346 (1982). (Fig. 15). ≡ Metasphaeria sepalorum Vleugel, Svensk bot. Tidskr. 2: 369 (1908). Ascomata 120–250 μm high×170–440 μm diam., solitary, scattered, or in small groups, or forming locules in massive stromatic tissues, initially immersed, becoming erumpent, to nearly superficial, depressed globose, black, membraneous, roughened; apex rounded, sometimes very short and almost inconspicuous, with a somewhat slit-like or Y-shaped ostiole (Fig. 15a). Peridium 16–30 μm wide, comprising two types of cells, outer cells heavily pigmented thick-walled textura angularis, cells 4.5–8 μm diam., cell wall 1–1.5 μm thick, inner cells of subhyaline thin-walled textura angularis, cells larger than outer cells (Fig. 15b). Hamathecium of long cellular pseudoparaphyses, 1.5–2 μm broad, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing, septate. Asci 63–83×9.5–11 μm (x ¼ 73:8 10:8mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, oblong, cylindro-clavate or slightly obclavate, with a short knob-like pedicel which is 5–13 μm long, with an ocular chamber (Fig. 15c, d and e). Ascospores (14-)15.5–19×5– 7 μm (x ¼ 16:9 5:9mm, n=10), obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping to biseriate, ellipsoid to narrowly obovoid, hyaline, 3-septate, constricted at each septum, the cells above central septum often broader than the lower ones, smooth (Fig. 15f, g, h, i and j). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: SWEDEN, on Juncus filliformis, Stockholm, J. Vleugel. Jul. 1907 (S, type as Metasphaeria sepalorum Vleugel). Notes Morphology Bricookea was formally established by Barr (1982a) asa monotypic genus represented by B. sepalorum basedonits
Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea sepalorum (from S, type). a Ascomata on host surface (arrowed). b Section of partial peridium. Note thick-walled out layer and thin-walled inner layer. c–e Cylindrical to slightly obclavate asci with short knob-like pedicels. f–j Hyaline, 3-septate smooth-walled ascospores. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b=50 μm, c–j= 10 μm
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