Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

Fungal Diversity
papillate, ostiolate, periphysate, carbonaceous (Fig. 20a
and b). Peridium 120–150 μm thick at sides, up to
200 μm thick at the apex, thinner at the base, 3-layered,
outer layer composed of golden-yellow, very thickwalled
cells of textura epidermoidea, mixed with subglobose,
large cells near the surface, cells 7–15 μm
diam., middle layer composed of deep brown, very thickwalled
cells of textura epidermoidea, inner layer composed
of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura prismatica,
up to 50×5 μm diam., merging with pseudoparaphyses
(Fig. 20b, c and d). Hamathecium of dense, long
trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, 1.5-2 μm wide, anastomosing
and branching above the asci. Asci 225–250
(−275)×14–17 μm (x ¼ 137 16:3mm, n=10), 8-spored,
bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a long, narrowed,
pedicel which is up to 75 μm long, apical
characters not observed (Fig. 20e). Ascospores 25–28
(−30)×9–13 μm (x ¼ 26:8 11mm, n=10), uniseriate to
partially overlapping, ellipsoidal to broadly fusoid with
narrow hyaline rounded ends, deep reddish brown, thickwalled,
1-septate with hyaline germ pore at each end, slightly
constricted at the septum, verruculose, sometimes with “net”-
like ridged ornamentations (Fig. 20f and g).
Anamorph: suspected spermatia (Kohlmeyer 1985).
Material examined: BELIZE, Twin Cays, tip of prop
root of Rhizophora mangle, 18 Mar. 1984, J. Kohlmeyer
(NY. Herb. J. Kohlmeyer No. 4532a, holotype).
Notes
Morphology
Caryosporella was formally established by Kohlmeyer
(1985) based on the obligate marine fungus, C. rhizophorae,
which is characterized by its superficial ascomata,
3-layered peridium, filliform trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,
and brown, 1-septate ascospores. Caryosporella was
originally assigned to Massariaceae despite several major
differences, such as the superficial ascomata, reddish
brown ascospores (Kohlmeyer 1985). Subsequently,
Caryosporella was assigned to Melanommataceae
(Eriksson 2006; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007).
Phylogenetic study
Suetrong et al. (2009) showed that a single isolate of
Caryosporella rhizophorae does not reside in Pleosporales,
but is related to Lineolata rhizophorae (Kohlm. & E.
Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. and placed in Dothideomycetidae
incertae sedis.
Concluding remarks
As an obligate marine fungus, the familial placement of
Caryosporella rhizophorae is uncertain but it may not
belong to Pleosporales.
Fig. 19 Carinispora nypae (from BRIP 17106, holotype). a b
Ascomata on the host surface. b Section of an ascoma. c Section of
a partial peridium. d, e, g, h Asci with ocular chambers and short
pedicels. f The ocular chamber and apical ring of ascus. i–j Narrowly
fusoid ascospores. Scale bars: a=1 mm, b, c=100 μm, d, g, h=50 μm,
e, f, i, j =10 μm
Chaetomastia (Sacc.) Berl., Icon. fung. (Abellini) 1: 38
(1890). (Teichosporaceae)
≡ Melanomma subgen. Chaetomastia Sacc., Syll. fung.
(Abellini) 2: 113 (1883).
Generic description
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata relatively small,
scattered, or in small groups, superficial, globose or
subglobose, black, papillate, ostiolate, coriaceous. Peridium
relatively thin, 1-layered, composed of heavily
pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium of
dense, long cellular pseudoparaphyses, embedded in
mucilage. Asci mostly 4-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate,
broadly cylindrical with a furcate pedicel, with a large
ocular chamber, especially apparent in immature asci.
Ascospores ellipsoid to broadly fusoid with broadly to
narrowly rounded ends, brown, 3-septate, constricted at all
septa.
Anamorphs reported for genus: coelomycetous where
known: conidia hyaline or brown, aseptate or 1-septate
(Aposphaeria- orConiothyrium-like) (Barr 1989c).
Literature: Barr 1987b, 1989c; 1993a; b; 2002; Berlese
1890; Clements and Shear 1931; Eriksson 1999; Eriksson
and Hawksworth 1987, 1998; Holm 1957; Leuchtmann
1985; Saccardo 1883.
Type species
Chaetomastia hirtula (P. Karst.) Berl., Icon. fung. (Abellini)
1: 38 (1890). (Fig. 21)
≡ Sphaeria hirtula P. Karst., Fungi Fenn. Exs. N. 825 (1869).
Ascomata 214–286 μm high×210–258 μm diam.,
scattered or in groups, superficial, globose, wall black;
apex often opening with a broad pore within slightly
raised papilla, up to 30 μm diam., coriaceous (Fig. 21a).
Peridium 20–26 μm thick, 1-layered, composed of
heavily pigmented cells of textura angularis, cells up to
5×15 μm diam., cell wall up to 3.5 μm thick (Fig. 21b).
Hamathecium of dense, long cellular pseudoparaphyses,
embedded in mucilage. Asci 90–130×12.5–17.5(−22.5)
μm (x ¼ 111 16:3mm, n=10), mostly 4-spored, bitunicate,
fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical, with a furcate
pedicel, 18–48 μm long, with a large ocular chamber
best seen in immature asci (to 3 μm wide×3 μm high)
(Fig. 21c and d). Ascospores 20.5–27×7–10 μm