Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity paraphyses, 1.5–2 μm broad, septate, branching. Asci 275–290×25–35 μm, 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical, with a short pedicel (Fig. 34b, c and d). Ascospores 37– 60.5×16.5–26 μm, uniseriate, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical or obtuse-fusoid, dark brown, 1-septate, constricted at the septum (Fig. 34e, f, g and h) (adapted from Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: ITALY, in rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica (Posidoniaceae), 1861, Caldesi (S, isotype of Sphaeria posidoniae) Notes Morphology Halotthia was introduced to accommodate the marine fungus, H. posidoniae (as Sphaeria posidoniae), which is characterized by immersed to erumpent, large, carbonaceous ascomata, thick peridium, bitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical asci, ellipsoidal, 1-septate, and dark brown ascospores (Kohlmeyer 1963). Morphologically, Halotthia is most comparable with Bicrouania maritima, but the conical ascomata with flattened base of H. posidoniae can be readily distinguished from B. maritima. Phylogenetic study Phylogenetically, Halotthia posidoniae, Pontoporeia biturbinata and Mauritiana rhizophorae form a robust clade, which may represent a potential family (Suetrong et al. 2009). Concluding remarks Currently the familial status of Halotthia is unresolved (Suetrong et al. 2009). Helicascus Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 47: 1471 (1969). (Morosphaeriaceae) Generic description Habitat marine, saprobic. Ascostromata lenticular, immersed, black, carbonaceous, enclosing several loculi, pseudoclypeus composed of host cells enclosed in black stromatic fungus material. Ascomata depressed ampulliform, horizontally arranged under a black pseudoclypeus, ostiolate, torsellioid ostioles, papillate. Peridium absent, partitions between loculi formed of brown, isodiametric or elongated cells of the stroma. Hamathecium of dense, long pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, subcylindrical to oblong clavate, with a short pedicel and conspicuous apical ring. Ascospores uniseriate, obovoid, brown, 1- septate, at each end with a germ pore, surrounded with dissolving sheath. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Kohlmeyer1969; Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979; Suetrongetal.2009. Type species Helicascus kanaloanus Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 47: 1471 (1969). (Fig. 35) Ascostromata 0.6–0.78 mm high×1.25–2.75 mm diam., lenticular, immersed, black, carbonaceous, enclosing 3–4(−5) loculi, pseudoclypeus composed of host cells enclosed in black stromatic fungus material (Fig. 35a). Ascomata 235– 370 μm high×440–800 μm diam., depressed ampulliform, horizontally arranged under a black pseudoclypeus, ostioles 70–170 μm diam., torsellioid ostiole (Adams et al. 2005), papilla slightly rising over the surface of the pseudoclypeus, subconical,canal filled with thick, bright orange to yellowish periphyses, 270–435 μm high, 255–300 μm diam. Peridium absent, partitions between loculi formed of brown, isodiametric or elongated cells of the stroma. Hamathecium of dense, very long pseudoparaphyses. Asci 250–335×25– 30 μm, 8-spored, subcylindrical, finally oblong-clavate (400–480 μm long), with a short pedicel, bitunicate, thick-walled, physoclastic, apically multi-layered and annulate, ectoascus forming a third, thin permeable outer layer around the base, endoascus swelling in water and becoming coiled at maturity, finally stretching and pushing the ascus into the ostiolar canal (Fig. 35b). Ascospores 36.5–48.5×18–22.5 μm, uniseriate, obovoid, brown, 1-septate, at each end with a germ pore, surrounded with dissolving sheath, 2.7–5.4 μm thick, with funnel-shaped, apical indentations (Fig. 35c and d) (adapted from Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: USA, Hawaii, Oahu, Kaneohe Bay, Heeia Swamp, on Rhizophora mangle, 4 Jun. 1968 (Herb. J. Kohlmeyer No. 2566, holotype; No. 2565, 2567, paratype). Notes Morphology Helicascus is another marine genus, which is characterized by its thin additional sheath around the base of the asci, the coiling and stretching mechanism of the basal part of the endoascus and its conspicuous apical apparatus which is not that common in bitunicate asci (Kohlmeyer 1969). The immersed stroma comprising several loculi sharing one common ostiole is another striking character of Helicascus. Phylogenetic study Multigene phylogenetic analysis indicated that both Helicascus kanaloanus and H. nypae K.D. Hyde nested within Morosphaeriaceae (Suetrong et al. 2009).
Fungal Diversity Fig. 34 Halotthia posidoniae (from S, isotype of Sphaeria posidoniae). a Ascomata gregarious on the host surface. b–d Mature or immature cylindrical asci. e–h Ellipsoidal, dark-brown, 1-septate ascospores. Scale bars: a=1 mm, b–d=50 μm, e–h=5 μm Concluding remarks Helicascus is a well defined marine genus. Herpotrichia Fuckel, Fungi rhenani exsic.: no. 2171 (1868). (Melanommataceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, parasitic, hyperparasitic or saprobic. Ascomata medium-sized, immersed, erumpent to nearly superficial, scattered to gregarious, globose to subglobose
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 64 Murispora
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Fungal Diversity Type species Neoph
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Fungal Diversity brown, 8-septate,
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 68 Ohleria mo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 69 Ohleriella
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 70 Ophiobolus
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Fungal Diversity Type species Ostro
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Fungal Diversity ium thin, composed
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 76 Platysporo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 77 1 Pleomass
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 78 Pleophragm
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Fungal Diversity papillate, ostiola
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Fungal Diversity Williams 1963; Mal
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity composed of one ce
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 84 Saccharico
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Fungal Diversity dense, long trabec
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Fungal Diversity Anamorphs reported
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 95 Wettsteini
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 96 Wilmia bra
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Fungal Diversity Current name: Astr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Fungal Diversity Phylogenetic study
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 105 Muroia ni
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Fungal Diversity pseudoparenchymato
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Fungal Diversity Eremodothis Arx, K
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity monoceras Alcorn n
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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