Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 57 Mauritiana rhizophorae (from HKU(M)10219, holotype). a Vertical section of an ascoma. Note the thin layer of fungal tissue (pseudostroma?) on the host surface. b Section of a partial peridium. c Pseudoparaphyses and immature ascus. d Fissitunicate asci. e Asci showing thickening of the apical wall. f–i Ascospores with transverse septa and paler polar cells. Scale bars: a=40 μm, b, d–i=10 μm, c=20 μm Anamorphs reported for genus: Aposphaeria, Nigrolentilocus, Phoma-like and Pseudospiropes (Chesters 1938; Sivanesan 1984). Literature: Barr 1990a; Chesters 1938; Fuckel 1870; Saccardo 1878; Zhang et al. 2008a. Type species Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 160 (1870). (Fig. 58) ≡ Sphaeria pulvis-pyrius Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 86 (1801). Ascomata 215–471 μm high×260–440 μm diam., gregarious, substrate surface covered with a thin layer of brown psueodstroma, superficial, globose, subglobose, broadly or narrowly conical, often laterally flattened, black, roughened and irregular, often bearing remnants of wood fibers; apex short papillate, often somewhat puckered or sulcate (Fig. 58a). Peridium 70–90 μm wide, to 180 μm wide at the base, coriaceous, comprising two types of cells, outer cells small heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, apical cells smaller and walls thicker, individual cell walls to 6 μm thick, inner cells lightly pigmented to hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis,
Fungal Diversity 5–8 μm diam., individual cell wall to 1.5–2 μm thick, in places with columns of textura prismatica, and larger, paler cells of textura prismatica towards the interior and at the base (Fig. 58b). Hamathecium of dense, filamentous, 1–2 (−2.5) μm broad, branching, rarely anastomosing, septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 98–123×6.5–7.5(−9) μm (x ¼ 109 7:5mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to fusoid, with a short, furcate pedicel, to 25 μm long, with an ocular chamber (Fig. 58c, d, e, f and g). Ascospores 14–17.5(−19)×4.5–6.5 μm (x ¼ 15:8 5:2mm, n=10), obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping, broadly fusoid to fusoid with broadly rounded ends, straight or slightly curved, smooth, olive-brown, 4-celled, slightly constricted at the septa, the second cell from the top slightly wider than the others, no sheath (Fig. 58h,i,j,kandl). Anamorph: Aposphaeria agminalis Sacc. or Phoma agminalis Sacc. (Sivanesan 1984). Colonies (of epitype) reaching 4 cm diam. after 20 days growth on PDA at 25°C, depressed to raised, cottony to woolly, with rhizoidal margin, grey, reverse darkened. Phoma-like anamorph has been reported by Chesters (1938) and Sivanesan (1984), but no anamorphic stage was observed in the cultures of IFRDCC 2044, <strong>CBS</strong> 109.77 and <strong>CBS</strong> 371.75 after culturing 3 months on PDA. Material examined:ondecayingwood(UPS,Scler.suec. n. 120, holotype,asSphaeria pulvis-pyrius Pers.); FRANCE, Ariège, Rimont, Saurine, on bark of Salix caprea, 10Apr. 2008, Jacques Fournier (IFRD 2001, epitype). Notes Morphology Melanomma, the familial type of Melanommataceae, was formally established by Fuckel (1870, p 159) based on its small, carbonaceous ascomata, having: “sporen meist 2–3 mal septirt, selten ohne Scheidewand, braun oder wasscrhell.” (Chesters 1938; Fuckel 1870). Saccardo (1878, p. 344) emended this genus as “Spores ovate or oblong, multi-septate, coloured.” Subsequently, Saccardo (1883, p. 98) extended the description of Melanomma as “Perithecia gregarious, seldom scattered, somewhat superficial, sphaerical, papillate or blunt, carbonaceous, smooth or somewhat hairy. Asci elongate, for the most part accompanied by paraphyses, 8-spored. Spores oblong or somewhat spindle-shaped, two to many septate, olive or dark brown. Species of Sphaeria belong here for the most part.” Melanomma pulvis-pyrius was erected as the lectotype species (Barr 1990a; Chesters1938). Barr (1990a) gavea detailed circumscription for Melanomma, under which Melanomma contains about 20 species (Kirk et al. 2001). Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is characterized by its gregarious, superficial ascomata with short papillate, cylindrical asci with a short pedicel and fusoid, olive-brown, 3-septate ascospores (Chesters 1938; Zhang et al. 2008a). One of the diagnostic characters of Melanommataceae is the trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, although no typical trabeculate pseudoparaphyses could be found in the neotype (Scler. suec. n. 120, UPS) and epitype (IFRD 2001) of M. pulvis-pyrius (Zhang et al. 2008a). Phylogenetic study Phylogenetic analysis based on five genes (LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2 andEF1) indicates that Melanomma pulvispyrius forms a robust clade with Byssosphaeria, Herpotrichia and Pleomassaria siparia (Pleomassariaceae) and likely represents a separate family (or families comprising Melanommataceae) (Zhang et al. 2008a; Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b). A more recent phylogenetic analysis included a group of coelomycete species with stellate conidia, isolated from Fagales trees clustered in Melanommataceae (Tanaka et al. 2010; Plate 1). Concluding remarks The Melanomma concept based on ascospore morphology appears polyphyletic. Metameris Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 13: 342 (1915). (Phaeosphaeriaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic or parasitic. Ascostromata erumpent through the host surface in linear rows parallel to the host fibers. Ascomata small, globose to subglobose, black, coriaceous. Peridium composed of large lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium of rare, broad pseudoparaphyses, septate, constricted at the septa. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to slightly obclavate, with a short, thick, knob-like pedicel. Ascospores hyaline, 1- (rarely 2-) septate. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: von Arx and Müller 1975; Barr1972; Clements and Shear 1931; Eriksson 2006; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007; TheissenandSydow1915. Type species Metameris japonica (Syd.) Syd., Annls mycol., 13(3–4): 342 (1915). (Fig. 59) ≡ Monographus japonicus Syd. Annls mycol. 10: 408 (1912). Ascostromata erumpent through the host surface in linear rows parallel to the host fibers, 500–750 μm long and 140– 200 μm wide, with three to ten ascomata arranged in a line (Fig. 59a). Ascomata 115–160 μm diam., semi-immersed in substrate to erumpent, globose, subglobose, black, coriaceous (Fig. 59b). Cells of ascostromata heavily pigmented and thick-walled, cells of peridium composed of large lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis, cells 5–15 μm diam.,
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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